1．terrify vt. 使恐惧；使惊恐；恐吓（fill with fear）
Heights terrify me. 我有恐高症。（sth. terrify sb.）
You terrified me. 你吓了我一跳。（sb. terrify sb.）
I was terrified at the sight in front of me.
我被眼前的情景吓了一大跳。（be terrified at /with /by 被……吓了一大跳）
He was terrified into screaming.
他受惊而叫喊。（be terrified into doing sth. 被吓得去做……）
The child was terrified of being left alone in the house.
那孩子因单独被留在家里而害怕。
（be terrified of意为“对……感到/害怕/惊恐”，用法相当于be afraid of）
拓展：terrified adj. 用作定语时，一般与被修饰的名词是被动关系，例如：
a (very) much terrified boy 一个受了很大惊吓的男孩。
a very terrified cry 大吃一惊的呼声
one’s very terrified tone 某人受惊后发出的声音
2．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋
The boys buried the dead bird in the backyard.
孩子们把死鸟埋在后院。
We should bury quarrels and forget the past.
我们应该忘却争端，忘掉过去。
They’ve buried themselves in the country.
他们隐藏在乡间。（hidden）
The facts are buried in a few old books.
真相埋藏在几本旧书之中。（hidden）
He buried his hands in his pocket.
他把手插在口袋里。（put /place）
常用短语：
be buried in thought 出神或深思
bury oneself in study 埋头研究
be buried alive 被活埋；隐居
be buried beneath the waves 遭到不测
3．rise （rose, risen）vi. （rise是一不及物动词，不可有宾语及被动语态。）
（1）（指太阳、月亮、星星）升起（come up）
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
opp. set （日、月、星辰）降落
The sun sets in the west. 太阳从西部降落。
（2）升高，升起（go up; get higher）
The river is rising after the rain.
河水在雨后涨了起来。
Smoke rose from the factory chimneys.
烟从工厂的烟囱升起。
New factories have risen on the edge of the town.
在城市的边缘盖起了新工厂。
（3）起床（get up）
She rises before it is light.
她在天亮前起床。
（4）起身，站起来（从躺、跪、坐等姿势）
He rose from his knees.
他从跪的姿势站了起来。
She rose to greet her guests.
她起身迎接客人。
I can’t rise because of my broken leg.
我的腿断了站不起来。
（5）（价格、数目、温度）增加；上升（increase; get higher）
The price of tea has risen by 5 pence.
茶叶价格上涨了五便士。（rise by 上涨了……）
The price of tea has risen to 30 pence.
茶叶价格已经涨到了30便士。（rise to 上涨到……）
（6）晋升；升级
He rose from the rank of captain to the rank of general.
他从上尉升到将军。
（7）（指情感、精神上）振奋起来
My spirits rose when I saw the result.
我看到成绩后，精神为之一振。
拓展：
rise from the dead 死而复生
比较：raise vt.（是一及物动词，可有宾语及被动语态）
The price of tea has been raised by 5 pence. （has been raised by 相当于has risen by）
He raised the child from the ground. 他从地上把孩子抱起。（vt.）
The child rose from the ground. 孩子从地上站起。
相当于：The child raised himself from the ground.
4．flee（fled; fled） vt.& vi. 逃走；逃避 [escape from （place by hurrying away）]
They all fled（from） the burning ship.
他们全部从着火的船上逃出来了。
Mists fled before the rising sun.
日出雾散。（vi. 相当于disappeared）
He fled his native village to join the Red Army.
他逃离家乡去参加红军。（vt. 相当于escaped from）
5．urge
（1）用作动词
①力劝；力促；怂勇（persuade with force）
They urged us to go with them. 他们怂勇我们一起去。
（urge sb into sth. / doing sth或urge sb to do sth. 怂勇某人做某事，上句相当于：They urged us into going with them.）
②力言；强调（tell of…with force）
She urged the importance of speed. 她力言速度的重要性。（urge sth）
（相当于She urged on us the need for speed. ）
urged on sb. sth. 向某人力言某事
They urged that we (should) take these steps.
他们极力主张我们采取这些步骤。[urge that sb. (should) do sth.]
拓展：urge sb. to a task 催促某人去完成一项任务
urge against… 极力反对……
（2）用作名词指“欲望，强烈的渴求”。
She had often felt the urge to hit him.
她过去常有要揍他一顿的欲望。
He has an urge to join the Party.
他有入党的迫切要求。（…an /the urge to do sth. 做……的欲望）
6．swear n. 发誓;咒骂
vt. &, vi. (swore, sworn, swearing) 发誓，起誓
（1）swear on the Bible 手持圣经发誓
（2）swear in a mayor 使市长宣誓就职
（3）I swear I won't tell anyone your secret.
我发誓不把你的秘密告诉任何人。
（4）力言；敢说（常与to, that连用）使宣誓，使立誓
to swear a person to secrecy 使某人发誓保守秘密
（5）（常与at连用）诅咒；骂
He was so angry that he swore at his mother.
他气愤得骂了他妈妈。
（6）swear in 使宣誓做某事，使宣誓就职
1．on end 连续地；竖着
It has been snowing for a week on end.
连续下了一个星期的雪。
We had to stand the table on end to get it through the door.
为了能让桌子通过这个门我们不得不把桌子竖起来。
set/make sb’s hair on end 使人毛骨悚然
The terrible sight made her hair stand on end.
那个景象让她毛骨悚然。
有关end的词组：
bring … to an end 使……终止
come to an end 完毕；结束
put an end to 使……终止
end up with 以……告终
from first to end 从头到尾
make ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出
the ends of the earth 边远地区；天涯海角
2．at hand 仅在手边；在附近；即将到来的
I always keep a dictionary at hand. 我总是在手边放一本字典。
They live close at hand. 他们住在附近。
Final examination is at hand/on the way. 期末考试就要来了。
hand相关词组：
（1）by hand 手工制作，靠人力
All the work had to be done by hand.
所有的活都用手工做。
The note was delivered by hand.
这封信由专人送交。（非经邮寄）
（2）from hand to hand 从一人之手转到另一人之手
Buckets of water were passed from hand to hand to put the fire out.
人们一桶又一桶传递着水把火扑灭。
（3）hand in hand 手拉手；密切相关
They walked hand in hand.
他们手拉手走路。
Dirt and disease go hand in hand.
肮脏和疾病是形影相随的。
（4）hand sth. down （to sb.）把某物传下去
hand down传给后代，相当于hand on /pass down.例如：
This gold watch was handed down from my great grandmother.
这块表是我曾祖母传下来的。
Most of my clothes were handed down to me by my elder brother.
我的衣服大多是哥哥传给我的。
（5）hand sth. in上交，呈交
Hand in your examination papers now, please.
请把试卷交上来。
（6）hand sth. out（to sb.）分发，分配某物
The teacher is handing out the examination papers.
3．on board 在船上；在公共交通工具内（in a ship or public vehicle）
go /get on board the train /the plane /the ship 上火车/飞机/船。例如：
He got on board the train half an hour ago.
他半小时前上的火车。（相当于got on）
He enjoys life on board the “Queen Anne”.
他在“安妮女王号”船上的日子过得很偷快。
As soon as I’m on board I always feel sick.
我每次上船，总是晕船。
4．有关knock的词组：
（1）knock about 接连打击（指拳击），（浪等）反复冲击（船只）；（物等）碰撞；粗暴对待（=knock around）； [口]到处流浪，漫游；乱放东西
（2）take the knocks 遭受挫折
stand the knocks 遭受挫折
（3）knock (up) against 碰撞；同……冲突；偶然遇见
（4）knock back 一口喝掉；花费；用掉；使……大吃一惊
（5）knock down 打[撞]倒；驳倒
（6）knock into 把（某种知识）灌输给……；与…… 相撞；[口]偶然碰到（某人）
（7）knock off 敲掉；击倒
5．live through 活过；渡过（困难时期）
He managed to live through two world wars.
他总算活过了两次世界大战。
Tom was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp.
汤姆是活着离开战俘售中营的少数几个人中的一个。
The opening ceremony of the Olympic Games will be televised live through television satellites.
奥林匹克运动会开幕式将通过电视卫星实况转播。
6．as though （as if）好像，仿佛
as though (as if) 后面所接的从句可以用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气，视句子的内容而定。如果陈述的内容完全是假设的，则用虚拟语气；如果陈述的内容有可能是真的，可用陈述语气。例如：
Li Ping speaks English well as though /if he were English.
李平说起英语来，就像一个英国人似的，棒极了。（虚拟语气，李平不可能是英国人）
There are many dark clouds in the sky. It looks as if it is going to rain.
天上乌云密布，仿佛要下雨似的。（陈述语气，有可能发生）
1．The sight of it awoke the scientist in my uncle to go and see it from closer at hand.
一看到这种情景，我叔叔身上的科学精神被唤醒了，他要到那座火山去看个究竟。
（1） awake / wake 二者作动词时均可表示“醒、醒来”或“唤醒”。可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。 I usually awake / wake at six. 我通常六点钟醒来。
① awake是较正式用词，多用作不及物动词，偶尔也用作及物动词，强调完全恢复知觉或清醒，也常用于借喻。如：
The child awakes early in the morning. 这个孩子早晨醒得早。
Suddenly he awoke to the danger. 突然他意识到了危险。
A great noise awoke the baby. 嘈杂的声音把孩子闹醒了。
② wake表示“睡醒”，是常用词，多用作不及物动词，尤指醒来的过程较慢或很难醒来，可用于借喻。如：
He woke three times during the night. 夜里他醒过三次。
The music woke memories of his school days. 音乐唤起了他对学校时代的记忆。
我今天早上醒来时突然想起这个主意。
This idea hit me when I awoke up this morning. （×）
This idea hit me when I woke up this morning. （√）
wake后面往往可用up, awake则不能。
（2）from closer at hand表示“从靠近火山更近一点的地方”。
英语中介词后面可以跟名词或代词，也可以跟副词或介词短语来说明地点或方位，表示“从……”。例如：
Just then, a fat and short man with a heavy suitcase came from behind the building.
就在那时，从那栋大楼的后面走来一个又矮又胖的家伙，手里提着一只沉甸甸的箱子。
Suddenly, a ball flew from over there and hit Tom's head.
突然从那边飞来一只球正好打到汤姆的头。
2．Upon arrival, my uncles hugged Pompy and tried to give him courage.
到达后，叔叔拥抱庞培，并尽力给他打气。
upon /on 后跟表示动态的名词或动词-ing形式，指“在（做某事）时，当（某事发生时）”，相当于as soon as或when…。例如：
Upon arrival, they went in search of a hotel.
他们一到达就去找旅馆。（As soon as they arrived…）
On his return he found her asleep.
他回到家，发现她睡着了。（As soon as /When he returned home…）
She was joyful upon seeing her child take his first step.
看到孩子开始走路了，她很开心。（…when she saw that her child…）
3．He looked more asleep than dead. 他看上去好像没有死，而像是睡着了。
more…than…意为“与其说……，不如说……”，例如：
Don’t be too hard to him. He is more frightened than stupid.
不要对他太苛刻，与其说他傻，倒不如说他是被吓着了。
The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar.
这本书看来与其说是一本语法书，倒不如说是一本字典。
He is more a writer than a professor.
与其说他是个教授不如说他是个作家。
It is more grey than brown. 与其说它是棕色的，不如说它是灰色的。
It will do you more harm than good. 这会对你害多益少。
4．You can pick out the important bits, for it is one thing to write a letter, another to write history, one thing to unite to a friend, another to write for the public.
你可以从中挑选重要的片断。写信跟写历史是两码事，信是写给朋友的，而书是为公众写的。
句型：“It is one thing to do…, another…to do…”意为“……是一回事，又是……另一回事”。
例如：
It is one thing for you to stay here, another for me to ask you to stay here.
你要留下来是一回事，我请你留下来是另外一回事。
