1.undertake vt. & vi. (undertook, undertaken)
主要搭配:
(1)undertake sth 从事/承担某事
She undertook a revolutionary task then.
她当时从事一项革命工作。(相当于work on)
He undertook the responsibility of the accident.
他承担了这次事故的责任。
(2)undertake+that-clause 承诺
I will undertake that all of them will come here on time.
我保证他们都能按时到达。(相当于promise /make sure)
(3)undertake to be /do… 承担(接受,同意)……
相关词组:
①take up 从事于,专注于(spend time doing sth.)
John took up art while at school.
约翰在学校时专注于艺术。
When did you take up basketball?
你什么时候开始打篮球的?
②get down to sth /doing 开始认真干某事(begin to do sth seriously)
As soon as they arrived, they got down to the studying the map.
他们一到达,就开始认真研究地图。
③work on 努力干(do sth using efforts);继续工作
He is working on a maths problem.
他在解一道数学题。
2.obvious adj. 明显的, 显而易见的
obviously adv. 明显地
主要用法:
常用于句型It is obvious that (sb do sth)
或用obviously 代替It is obvious that……
注意:不用sb作obvious 的主语。例如:
如:他明明在撒谎。
It is obvious that he is lying.或Obviously, he is lying.
拓展:It is obvious that…也可用作It is clear that…;
obviously也可用作clearly.
3.within prep.在……里面;在……范围内
常用短语:
within doors 在屋内,在室内,在家里
within one’s reach=within the reach of sb.在某人触/够得着的地方
within limits 在一定范围内
within one’s rights 在某人权利范围内
within sight 在视线内
within and without 里里外外,从里到外
4.curious adj. 好奇的;好求知的;好打听隐私的
curiously adv. 好奇地
curiosity n. 好奇心
主要搭配:
(1)be curious about sth
(2)be curious to do sth.
例如:I’m curious about what kind of gift you have bought me.
我很想知道你到底给我买了什么礼物。
I’m curious to have a look at it.
我非常想看一看这件东西。
指点:主要抓住它的搭配介词是about.
拓展:
be thirsty for sth. 渴求某事
be worried about sth 对……担忧
be concerned about sth. 对……关心/担忧
5.debate vt. &vi. & n. 争论,辩论
主要搭配:
(1)debate on/ about sth.
(2)debate with sb.
(3)debate with sb on /about sth. 或debate on / about sth. with sb.
(4)have a debate with sb. about /on sth.
注意:此用法同quarrel和argue
6.go by /go on
go by 过去;走过,强调结果的完成
go on 进行,移动,强调动作的执行
它们均可用来指时间。例如:
As time goes on, we have grown up.
随着时间的流逝,我们长大了。
Three years passed by , we did nothing successful.
三年过去了,我们一事无成。
7.dream of 梦想,梦到
相关搭配: hope for sth., wish for sth.
指点:
①注意介词的不同;
②wish, hope和dream注意不可单独使用,须借助于介词再接宾语。
例如:这是我一直想要得到的东西。
8.seek vt. & vi. (sought, sought)
主要搭配:
(1)seek sth (search for sth) 要求
(2)seek after /for sth /sb 寻求/追寻
(3)seek to do sth (try to do sth) 尽力做某事
9.turn out 结果(是);证明(是);原来(是)
主要搭配:
(1)turn out (to be) +n. /adj
(2)turn out to do sth.
使用语境:含有一种意外、意想不到的结果。
辨析:prove /turn out
prove指的是一种证实后的结果,是对一种结果的结论。例如:
He proved to be right at last.
他最终是对的。
Such a promising young man turned out to be a thief.
这么一个有前途的青年却原来是个小偷。
提醒:turn out /prove用作此义时,均为系动词,没有被动语态。
10.the other way around 相对地;从相反方向;用相反方式
辨析:
(1)The earth moves around the sun, not the other way around.
地球围绕太阳转,而不是用其它的方式转动。
(the other way around前面省略了in,强调方式)
(2)It’s not a very nice flat. On the other hand, it’s cheap.
这套房子不太好,可是它价钱便宜。
on the other hand用以引起表达与上文不同层面的意见及看法,相当于but 和however,它可以与on the one hand连用,也可单独使用。又如:
On the one hand, I like the colours of the painting, but on the other hand, I don’t like the background of it.
一方面,我喜欢这幅画的颜色,但另一方面,我不喜欢画的背景。
注意:on the other hand所表达的部分并不与前面正好相反,只是提示一个不同的看法。
(3)-Are you nearly through?
-On the contrary, I’ve only just begun.
-你快干完了吗?
-恰恰相反,我才刚刚开始呢。
注意:on the contrary用于否定前面的陈述,后面所表达的内容与前面正好相反,多用于对话中。
(4)She never studies. Instead, she plays tennis all day.
她从来不念书,反而整天打网球。
11.difficulty n. 困难,难事
主要用法:
(1)have some /no /much /a lot of difficulty (in) doing sth. 有一些/没有/很多困难做某事
注意:
①此句型中的difficulty为不可数名词,不可有复数形式;
②介词in可以省略;
③名词前多用with,have some/no /much / a lot of difficulty with sth.
④此句型中的difficulty可用trouble替换。
(2)with /without difficulty有/没有困难(difficulty为不可数名词)
(3)指“各种各样的困难”可以用复数形式。如:
You’ll face all kinds of difficulties.
你们会面临各种各样的困难。
12.辨析:injure /wound /hit
injure:指意外受伤
wound:指刀伤,枪伤
hit:摔伤或其它形式受伤
She was badly injured in the car accident.
她在这次车祸中伤得很重。
The soldier was seriously wounded in the war.
这战士在战争中受了重伤。
She hit herself badly when she fell off her bike.
她从自行车摔了下来,摔得很重。
13.inform vt.通知,告诉(informed adj.有知识的,见闻广的)
主要用法:inform sb of /about sth 告诉某人某事
cf. tell sb sth (tell sb. to do sth.)
badly-informed 消息不灵通的
well-informed 消息灵通的
14.present vt. 呈现;描述;介绍,赠送
adj. 现在的;在场的
主要用法:
(1)present sth to sb.把某物赠送给某人(present sb with sth..)
(2)常用于句首的倒装句型中。如:
Present at the meeting are teachers and students.
老师和学生们都出席了会议。(be present at 出席/到场)
(3)at present 现在,目前
(4)for the present 暂时,就目前来说(相当于for the moment)
(5)up to the present 直到现在,至今(相当于up till now)
(6)指“目前的,当前的”时,所修饰的名词,放在此词之后(前置定语);指“在座的,在场的”时,所修饰的名词放在此词之前(后置定语),如:
the present situation 当前的形势
the guests present 在座的各位客人
15.be addicted to 沉溺于(to为介词)
所学过的词组中to为介词的有:
16.辨析:rather than /more than /instead of
rather than:意为“比……更/较多”,一般用来否定后者,后接并列结构。
more than:相当于not only,意为“不仅仅是”,后接并列结构。
instead of:意为“代替,而不是”,是一个介词词组,后接名词、代词或动名词。
如:These shoes are comfortable rather than beautiful.
这些鞋子不好看,但舒服。
Mary, rather than her parents, should go there.
玛丽,而不是她的父母亲,应该去那里。
These shoes are more than beautiful.
这些鞋子不仅仅好看。
He is more than my teacher.
他不仅仅是我的老师。
If you can not go, he'll go instead of you.
如果你不能去, 他愿替你去。