1．prefer vt. 宁愿，更喜欢
（1）prefer＋(not)to do
I prefer to walk there.
我宁愿走着去那儿。
At the moment they preferred not to talk about this question.
在这个时刻，他们宁愿不谈论这个问题。
（2）prefer＋n. / pron. /v.-ing
I prefer the view taken by Xiao Yang.
我倾向于小王的意见。
He preferred spending his spare time doing some serious reading.
他比较喜欢把业余时间用来读点书。
（3）prefer sb. (not ) to do sth.
－May I wash the dishes? 我洗盘子好吗？
－I’d prefer you to dry them. 你倒不如把它们擦干好了。
（4）prefer＋that-clause
Would you prefer that I come on Monday instead of on Tuesday?
I prefer that we start at once. 我宁愿我们马上就动身。
（5）prefer…to…
She seems to prefer fish to meat.
她似乎喜欢吃鱼不喜欢吃肉。
I’d prefer reading at home to going shopping.
我宁愿在家看书也不愿去买东西。
（6）prefer to do…rather than do…
I prefer to stay in the countryside rather than live in the city.
我喜欢住在乡下不喜欢住在城里。
2．furniture n.（总称）家具，作不可数名词。例如：
一套家具 a set of furniture
一件家具 a piece of furniture
This old French table is a very valuable piece of furniture.
这张旧的法国桌子是一件很贵重的家具。
3．convenient adj. 方便的；近便的（opp. inconvenient
不方便的）
主要用法：
（1）作表语时，不可用sb.作主语。例如：
Is it convenient for you to come out this evening?
你今天晚上出来方便吗？
不可写为：Are you convenient to come out this evening?
又如：What time is convenient for/to you? 你什么时候方便？（sth. be convenient
to /for sb.）
不可写为：What time are you convenient?
（2）不和“of sb.＋不定式”连用。例如：
Is it convenient for you to call at six o'clock?
你6点钟来访方便吗？（不可写为：Is it convenient of you to call at six
o'clock?）
（3）作表语时后接主动不定式。
The furniture is convenient to move.
家具搬起来很方便。（不可写为：The furniture is convenient to be moved.）
拓展：convenience n.方便；便利
4．stand vt. 承受；经受；承担（to accept successfully; bear）
This work will hardly stand close examination.
这种作品很难经得起仔细的检验。（stand sth.）
Could you stand to go there again tomorrow?
明天你还有能耐上那里吗？（stand to do sth.）
He wants to marry me but I can't stand the sight of him.
他要娶我，但我一见他就受不了。（can't stand sth /doing sth）
5．impress vt. 铭记；给……极深的印象；感动；使（人）印象深刻；使（人）充满崇敬
I was very impressed by /at /with his performance.
他的表演令人难忘。(sb. be impressed by /at /with sth.)
My father impressed on me the value of hard work.
我父亲使我铭记勤勉的重要。（impress on sb. sth.）
What impressed me most is his honesty.
约我印象最深的是他的真诚。
The country impressed me with the high speed of its development.
这个城市给我留下高速度发展的深刻印象。（impress sb. with sth.）
派生词：impression n.
6．belong to 属于；是……成员
主要用法：
（1）此词组不可用于进行时，例如：
The car belongs to her.这车属于她。
不可写为：The car is belonging to her.
（2）不可用于被动语态，其过去分词也不可用作后位定语。
Does the tape belong to Mary? 这磁带是玛丽的吗？
不可写为：Is the tape belonged to Mary?
又如：Have you seen the handbag belonging to me?
或：Have you seen the handbag which belongs to me?
你看见了我的手袋了吗？
不可写为：Have you seen the handbag belonged to me?
（3）是……成员（to be a member of an organization）
What party do you belong to?你是哪一党的党员？
（4）与……有关系（to be connected with）
As a writer, he really belongs to the 18th century.
以作家而言，他其实属于18世纪。
7．set aside
（1）把……置于一旁；
He set aside all objections and changed the plan.
他不顾一切反对改变了计划。
（2）留出，拨出
We should set aside enough grain.
我们应该留出充足的粮食。
（3）使无效
The decision of the court set aside the new law.
法院的判决使得那条新法律无效。
（4）为了某种特殊目的而搁置一旁
This is a room set aside for playing card games.
这是一间专供纸牌游戏的房间。
1．Both in the choice of materials and shape of buildings, ancient
architecture stands much closer to nature.
无论是在选材，还是在外形上，古代建筑都比较贴近自然。
句中的stand close to 原意为“站得与……靠近”，这里指“与……相适”，“与……相一致”。例如：
He stands close to the hive to have a close study on their dance.
他站在靠近蜂房的地方仔细观察蜜蜂的舞蹈。
His conclusion stands closer to the facts than yours.
他的结论比你的（结论）更与事实相符。
2．Looking at the architecture by Gandhi is like a dream, full
of fantastic colors and shapes.
观赏高迪的建筑就像进了梦境，色彩斑斓和形状奇异。
（1）句中的“looking at…”是动名词短语，在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，在英语中，此类用法很常见。例如：
Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.
错过了这班车意味着再等一个小时。
Mary's coming late made her teacher angry.
玛丽迟到了使她老师很生气。
（2）句中的“full of…”为形容词短语，相当于一个定语从句“which is full of…”。又如：
We visited many palaces, old and beautiful.
我们参观了许多古老而又美丽的宫殿。
（相当于：…，which are old and beautiful.）
3．Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by
a gray net of steel, and it looks just like a bird's nest made
of tree branches.
从顶上看，仿佛体育场覆盖着灰色的钢网，非常像树枝搭成的鸟巢。
（1）“Seen from…”为过去分词短语，在句中作状语，因为其逻辑主语为下句中的stadium，它们之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词。又如：
Given good care of by the children, the tree is growing well.
由于得到这些孩子的细心照看，这树长得很好。
Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks very small.
从山顶上看，这座城市显得很小。
（2）…look as if“看起来好像”，后面可接真实可能发生的事，也可指与事实完全相反的假设。例如：
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看样子要下雨了。（真实语气，有可能发生）
If you put the chopsticks in the water , it looks as if they
were broken.
如果你把筷子放进水中，他们看起来仿佛断了似的。
4．They are decorated with small round windows that remind you
of ships, bent roofs, and twenty-foot high walls of glass that
make them special when compared with other architecture from the
same period.
（1）“when compared with other architecture from the same period”中when后面省略了they
are.在以if, when, though, as, as if（好像）等连词引导的从句中，如果从句中的主要动词是be，主从句主语一致，可以将主语和动词be省掉。例如：
While (he was) respected, he was not liked.
他虽然受到尊敬，但没有受到喜爱。
Take this camera with you, if necessary.
如果有必要，带这架照相机去吧。
He is very good at painting, though very young.
他虽然很年轻，但很会画画。
（2）compared with /to 和……比起来
Compared to many people, she was indeed very fortunate.
和许多人相比她确实很幸运。
Overall industrial production was up by 19 percent compared with
2003.
整个工业生产与2003年比上涨了19个百分点。
拓展：compared to 还可表示“被比作……”。
The young people are compared to the sun at eight or nine
in the morning.
年轻人被比作早上八九点钟的太阳。
5．Many large cities, such as Liverpool and New York, have had
experiments of this kind, with old factories turned into successful
art centers.
“with ＋object（宾语）＋complement（宾语补足语）”结构在句中可以作状语（伴随状语、原因状语、时间状语等）和定语。在本句中作伴随状语。
（1）作状语
He sat there with his eyes fixed on me.
他坐在那里用眼睛盯着我。
With the boy leading the way we had no difficulty finding his
house.
在那个男孩的带领下，我们不费吹灰之里就找到了他的家。
They walked to the fields with baskets full of seeds on their
shoulders.
他们扛着装满种子的篮子向田地走去。
With nothing to do, I went out for a walk.
由于没有什么事情要做，我便到外面去散步。
He prefers sleeping with the windows open.
他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。
（2）作定语
She saw a diamond necklace with a big blue stone in the center.
她看到一个钻石项链，项链的中间有一个大的蓝宝石。
Do you know the man with a blue shirt on?
你认识那个穿蓝衬衣的男人吗？
宾语补足语用来补充说明句子的宾语，过去分词作宾补时具有以下特点：
（1）过去分词(done)常表示动作的完成、状态或动作的全过程。
（2）宾语与过去分词在逻辑上常存在着被动关系。
（3）不及物动词的过去分词作宾补时没有被动意味，只表示动作的完成和状态。
I was glad to see the child well taken care of.
When he arrived, he found all the work finished.
When I returned there, I found the bag gone.
We found the village greatly changed.
1．过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep, leave等，感观动词watch, notice, see, hear, listen
to, feel, find等和want, wish, like, expect, order等表示“希望，愿望，命令”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。
They kept the door locked for a long time.
Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time.
I want the suit made to his own measure.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
2．过去分词用在使役动词have, make的后面。
（1）“have＋宾语＋过去分词”
You’d better have your hair cut.
The villagers had many trees planted just then.
My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.
The old man had his wrist broken in the accident.
（2）“make＋宾语＋过去分词”，在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English.
He spoke loudly to make himself heard.
3．不定式、现在分词、过去分词均可用作宾语补足语。
（1）用在see, hear, watch, notice等感官动词后作宾补时，不定式常表示动作已结束，强调动作的全过程；现在分词表示正在进行的动作，强调当时的情景，为部分过程；过去分词则表示其与宾语之间为被动关系或有该动作已完成的概念。
（2）用在have, get, leave(leave后不能接不定式作宾补)等使役动词后作宾补时，不定式强调全过程，现在分词强调进行的状态或持续状态，过去分词表示被动关系。
Who can get this sick horse to eat?（表示“吃下去”）
We tried our best, but still couldn’t get the machine running.（强调启动，进入工作状态）
The farmers got the planting done before the rain came.（被动，已完成）
（3）用在with复合结构中，不定式表示尚未发生的将来动作，现在分词表示主动关系，过去分词表示被动关系。
With a lot of work to do, I can’t go to the film with you
tonight.（工作是“要做”，还没有做）
With the boy leading us the way, we had no difficulty in finding
her house.（主动关系，lead为男孩的动作）
With homework done, Jim went out to play football.（被动关系，作业是被做）
