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Unit 4 A garden of poems

 

一、本单元重点单词

1.sort

(1)vt. 分类,整理,常与through和over连用。(to put things in order; place according to kind; arrange)

You can sort (through) old papers to see what can be thrown away.

把旧文件加以整理,看看哪些可以丢掉。(sort (through) sth. 整理某物)

Sort out enemies from friends.

区分敌友。(sort out …from… 从……中分出来)

He has got a job sorting letters in the Post Office.

他找到了一份在邮局里分信件的工作。(sort sth 把……分类)

(2)n.种类;类型;(人或物等的)群,种,型

What sort of book do you want?

你需要的是哪一种书?(what+sort of+可数名词单数)

You will find people of every sort and kind in the world.

你会发现这世界上有各种各样的人。

注意:一般指“贬义”之意,多用sort.例如:

That was nice of her; she’s not such a bad sort after all.

她做得对,毕竟她不是坏人。

I have never seen such an ugly sort of castle.

我从没看见过这么丑陋的城堡。

惯用法:

(1)a sort of 有几分的;某种的;稍微的

I have a sort of feeling you’d say that.

我有点预到你会那样说。

(2)of sorts /a sort勉强算是的,名不符实的

It’s a painting of sorts, but hard to describe.

这勉强算是一幅画,可是毫无特色。

(3)out of sorts 情绪欠佳;身体不适;心烦

2.loneliness n. being sad because one lacks friends or companions 孤独,寂寞

loneliness表示“孤独;寂寞”,是不可数名词。由形容词lonely加名词后缀-ness构成。例如:

live in loneliness 寂寞地独住,过孤独的生活

The old man live alone and suffers from loneliness.

那位老人自己住,倍尝孤寂之苦。

同义词:desolation n. 寂寞;孤寂;凄凉

3.glory n.

※ fame and honour that you win when you do great things 荣誉;光荣

※ glorious things or special cause for pride, respect or honour

  荣耀的事或者产生骄傲、崇敬、荣耀的原因

(1)glory作“光荣;荣耀”讲时,是不可数名词。例如:

They tried their best to win the match for the glory of the school.

为了学校的荣誉,他们尽了自己最大努力赢得比赛。

They also hoped the world would remember their power and glory.

他们还希望人们将会想起他们的权势和荣耀。

(2)glory作“荣耀的事”讲时,是可数名词,并经常用复数形式。例如:

the glories of the town 该镇的光荣

习语:

win glory in the field of battle 在战场上赢得荣耀

return with glory 凯旋

bring glory on oneself 为自己赢得荣誉

win glory for one’s country 为国争光

同义词:honor n. 名誉;好名声

反义词:shame n. 耻辱

4.absence n.

※ being away 缺席;不在

※ lack; non-existence 缺乏;不存在

(1)absence作“缺席;不在”解时,常用作不可数名词。例如:

 Behave yourself during my absence.

 我不在时要规矩点。

 I soon noticed his absence from school.

 我很快便觉察到了他的缺席。

(2)absence作“缺乏;不存在”解时,是不可数名词。例如:

 In the absence of firm evidence the prisoner was set free.

 因缺乏有力证据,被告被释放了。

 He was absence in his mind then.

 当时他心不在焉。

习语:

in the absence of 不在时,外出期间

absence from home 离家

several absences from school 缺课数次

the absence of reason 没有理由

义词:lack n. 缺乏;缺乏

反义词:presence n. 出席

5.shade n.

※ colour; hue 颜色;色度

※ darker parts of a picture 较阴暗部分

※ a place where it is dark because the sun does not shine directly 荫;阴凉处

(1)shade作“颜色;色度”解,是可数名词。例如:

I want the same colour in a lighter shade.

相同的颜色,我要色调稍浅的。

Do you like the blouse in this shade?

你喜欢这种色度的女衬衫吗?

(2)shade还可当“较阴暗部分”讲,是不可数名词。例如:

There is not enough light and shade in your drawing.

你这幅画的明暗色度不够。

(3)shade作“荫;阴凉处”解时,是不可数名词。例如;

We sat down to rest under the shade of a tree.

我们坐在树阴下休息。

It’s very hot today; let’s sit in the shade under the tree.

今天很热,咱们坐在树阴下面吧。

There isn’t much shade here.

这儿阴凉地儿不多。

同义词:shadow n.阴影;影子

6.extraordinary adj. out of the ordinary, highly unusual, very strange 特别的;不平常的;惊人的

  extraordinary 作“特别的;不平常的;惊人的”解,可以和多个名词形成固定习语,并可以用在相应的句子中。例如:

extraordinary weather 反常天气

a man of extraordinary talents 有惊人才干的人

an extraordinary film 一部出色的影片

This is an extraordinary sight. 这是一个特别的景象。

Her talents are quite extraordinary. 她才华出众。

It was extraordinary that he refused our request.

他拒绝了我们的要求实在是不寻常。

同义词:unusual adj. 非同寻常的

反义词:usual / ordinary adj. 平常的;普通的

7.apart adv.

(1)相隔;相距(常与from连用)(separate; away; distant)

The two buildings are 3 miles apart.

两栋建筑物相距三公里。

We planted the trees wide apart.

我们把树种得很开。

He kept himself apart from the other children.

他不与其它小孩在一块。

(2)(各自)分开;单独

If I see the two boys apart I don’t know which is which.

假设那两个男孩子不站在一起的话,我会分不出谁是谁。

(3)到一边或在一边(尤指为某一目的)(to or at one side, esp. for a certain purpose)

He took me apart to have a private talk with me.

他把我带到一边,跟我私下谈话。

(4)不考虑到;撇开(not considering; aside)

A few little things apart, I am very pleased with the result.

撇开一些小地方不谈,我对结果非常满意。

Joking apart, we really do need a place to meet and talk.

笑话归笑话,我们的确需要一个地方来见面谈谈。

固定搭配:apart from

(1)除外(except for, aside from; without considering)

It is good work, apart from a few slight faults.

除了一些小缺点之外,这倒是不失漂亮的工作。

(2)不止;除外(as well as)

Apart from the cost, the hat doesn’t suit me.

除了价格之外,这顶帽子也不适合我戴。

tell /know… apart 能认出其间的差异

Can you tell them apart?

你知道他们间的区别吗?

8.recommend vt.

※ praise sb as suitable for a post / sth for a purpose 推荐;介绍

※ suggest, advise 建议;劝告

(1)recommend作“推荐;介绍”解时,是及物动词。与to搭配,表示“将……推荐给……”;与for搭配,表示“推荐……做……”;与as搭配,表示“推荐……为……”。例如:

I can recommend this dish.

我可以推荐这道菜。

His former employer recommends him warmly.

他从前的雇主热心地推荐他。

Will you recommend a good dictionary to me?

你能推荐(介绍)一本好字典给我吗?

He will recommend you for the job.

他将会推荐你担任那项职务。

I recommend her as your secretary.

我推荐她当你的秘书。

(2)recommend表示“建议;劝告”讲,可以用于以下结构:recommend doing sth 指“建议/劝告做某事”;recommend sb to do,指“劝某人做某事”;recommend后还可加that从句,表示“建议……”。例如:

I recommend going by airplane.

我建议搭飞机去。(recommend doing sth.)

The doctor recommended me to take a long rest.

医生劝我长期休养。(recommend sb. to do sth.)

He recommended that the prisoners (should) be released.

他建议释放俘虏。(recommend + that-clause )

注意:recommend引导宾语从句时,从句动词需要用虚拟语气形式,即“should+do”或者do.

同义词:advise/ suggest vt.建议

9.contribute vi.

(1)捐助,贡献(常与介词to连用)(to join with others in giving or supplying money or help, etc.)

Although he has plenty of money Allan didn’t contribute to Jane’s present when she left the office.

艾伦虽说很有钱,但并没有在珍离开时候凑钱买礼物给她。(vi.

(2)有助于,促进;造成(to help in bring about; have a share in)

Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.

多呼吸新鲜空气有助于身体健康。

To much alcoholic drink will contribute to your ruin.

喝酒过度会毁了你。

(3)投(稿)(to supply a written article to a magazine, newspaper etc.)

I make most of my money by writing books but I do contribute to magazines sometimes.

我的钱大部分是写书赚的,但有时候也给杂志投稿。(contribute to 给……投稿)

派生词:

contribution n.(常与make和do搭配)

We’ll make greater contributions to the cause of education.

我们将会为教育事业作出更大的贡献。(make contributions to sth 为……作出贡献)

I give a small contribution to the church each week.

我每星期都给教堂作小量捐献。(give a contribution /contributions to sth.)

二、本单元重点短语

1.play with 玩;玩耍;游戏

He who plays with fire gets burned.

玩火者必自焚。(play with fire玩火)

相关搭配:play with water 玩水

      play with snow 玩雪

注意:

(1)play with sth. 指“玩耍……”

play with sb. 指“与某人一起玩”

(2)play with还可作“稍动……的念头”。例如:

He played with the idea of starting her own business at that time.

那时他稍动过自创一番事业的念头。

相关词组:

play down 降低;贬低;减弱

play off 从中渔利;在……之间挑拨离间

例如:She played one friend off against the other.

   她使朋友们互斗,坐收渔人之利。

play up 大事宣传;强调;夸大(某事)重要性;使人增加烦恼(或痛苦)

2.call up

(1)回忆;使人想起(to bring back to memory)

The scene called up my childhood memories.

这情景勾起我对童年的回忆。

(2)征集;调动(力量;人员等),多用在动员服兵役

He was called up in 1917.

他1917年应征入伍。

(3)给……打电话(to telephone)

I’ll call you up this evening.

今晚我会打电话给你。(call up sb vt.

I called up, but she wasn’t there.

我打过电话,但是她不在。(vi.

(4)呼唤……来(to cause to arrive)

The magician claims to be able to call up spirits from the dead.

这魔术师自称可唤出死者的鬼魂。

call相关短语:

call at 拜访某地       call back 召回;回某人电话

call for 要求;去接某人   call in 去请某人

call off 取消;停止     call on 拜访某人

call out 大声叫喊

3.stand out

(1)显眼;醒目(to have an easily-seen shape, color…)

The road sign is easy to read; the words stand out well.

路标容易辨认,上面的字很醒目。

(2)杰出;突出;远远超过某人(物)(from, among)to be much better or the best.

Among mystery writers, Agatha Christie stood out as a real master.

在侦探小说的作家中,爱佳莎·克丽丝最为杰出,是实至名归的大师。

(3)坚持;不屈服(for, against; to be firm in opposition, not give in)

I’m standing out against his idea; I’m standing out for my own, which is better.

我坚决反对他的意见,我坚持自己的意见,因为我的意见比较好。

(stand out against sth. 坚决反对……;stand out for sth. 坚持支持……)

4.come into being : be made; begin to live or exist 形成;存在;产生

come into being表示“产生;形成;存在”,是不及物的动词短语。例如:

No one knows when such a custom first came into being.

没有人知道这种习俗是什么时候形成的。

come有关的其他习语:

come across 偶然发现;遇见   come after 跟随

come around 迂回而至      come back 回来

come down 下来;着陆      come from 来自

come into 进入         

come out 出来;出版;(真相)大白

come to oneself 恢复知觉

come up 出现;被提出;长出来

三、重、难点句子讲解

1.More than any other form of literature, poetry plays with sounds, words and grammar.

诗歌胜过任何其它的文学形式,它灵活运用声音、词汇和语法。

这是一个用比较级结构表达最高级意思的句子。注意(more) than的后面的any other之类词语。例如:

The emperor cared more about new clothes than anything else.

国王最喜欢服装。

They pretended to work harder than ever before.

他们假装比以前任何时候都干得起劲。

Rural life has changed more in the last 40 years than at any other time.

乡村生活在最近40年的变化比任何时候都大。

另外,用比较级表示最高级意思的结构还有:

No one knows more about the history of my hometown than my grandpa.

没有人比我爷爷更了解我故乡的历史了。

注意:more than结构还可以表达其它的意思。注意下列各句:

The child was more frightened than hurt.

这孩子的伤倒不算什么,只是受惊了。

The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar.

这本书看来与其说是一本语法书,倒不如说是一本词典。

2.Poetry often follows special patterns of rhythm and rhyme.

诗歌常常遵循专门的节奏和押韵格式。

句子的follow意为“遵循;听从”。例如:

Why didn’t you follow the teacher’s advice?

你为什么不听从老师的劝告?

follow还可以解释为“注视;倾听;领会”等。例如:

He followed the ball over the fence.

他看着球越篱飞去。

They followed closely the development of the situation.

他们密切注意形势的发展。

His lecture was difficult to follow.

他讲的课很难听懂。

3.Usually remembered for other work than their poetry are eighteenth century poets such as Pope and Johnson.

  这个句子是倒装句。正常语序应该是:Eighteen century poets such as Pope and Johnson are usually remembered for other work than their poetry.

  这句话的意思是“不是因为诗,而是因其他杰作让人不能忘怀的还有18世纪的蒲柏和约翰逊等”。

  other than/ rather than短语表示“……而不;除……之外”之义。

  He chose the stairs rather than lift.

  他选用了楼梯而没乘电梯。

  There is no choice other than to reopen his case.

  除了重新打开他的箱子别无他法。

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