1.consist of 由……组成;由……构成
主要用法:
(1)没有被动语态
(2)consist of 相当于be made up of
The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
英国由大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国组成。(相当于is made up of)
The beauty of Venice consists of the style of its ancient buildings.
威尼斯之美在于它的古代建筑之风格。(相当于lies in)
(3)同be made up of 用法的比较
be made up of的主动形式为:make up
即:A make up B. A 组成了B.
被动语态为:B be made up of A. B是由A组成的。
注意:不可写为:B be made up by A.
例如:Three districts make up Wuhan.
武汉是由三镇组成的。
(被动语态:Wuhan is made up of three districts.)
或:Wuhan consists of three districts.
不可写为:Wuhan is consisted of three districts.
Class Three is made up of 79 students.
三班是由79个学生组成的。(主动语态:79 students make up Class Three.)
2.The island just west of Britain is called Ireland.
在不列颠群岛西边的岛屿叫爱尔兰岛。
此句子用了省略形式:原句应为:
The island which is just to
the west of Britain is called Ireland.
其中 which is just to the west of Britain 是定语从句,用来修饰先行词island.
根据定语从句的语法which is可以省略。而在英语惯用法中,如果方位前面的介词是to the时,可以省掉介词to及冠词the,于是我们就看到了原来的句子。又如:
Taiwan lies(to the)southeast of Fujian.
台湾省位于福建省的东南部。
此句可写为:Tiawan lies southeast of Fujian.
To the east of the city, there is a chemical factory.
在城市的东边,有一家化工厂。
此句可写为:East of the city, there is a chemical factory.
3.…but it was not until 250 years later that they formed a single
state.
但是直到250年后,才成立了一个单独的国家。
此句用的是强调句型:It is /was…that /who …,但是要注意在强调not…until结构中的until部分时,需要把主句中的not带上,形成It
is /was not until…that…结构。例如:
I didn’t go to bed until my mother came
back home.
直到妈妈回家,我才上床睡觉。
→It was not until my mother came back home that I went to bed.
另外,not…until结构中,如要把until所引导的句子放在句首,同样主句中的not也需一起带上,形成not until…,并且主句要进行部分倒装。例如:
Not until my mother came back home did I go to bed.
4.make the most of充分利用;充分展示(get the best use of; make full use
of; get the greatest gain from)
In both work and study, we should make
the most of our time.
无论在学习上还是工作上,我们都应该充分利用时间。
The old worker was made the most of when he was ill.
这位老工人在生病期间被予以高度重视。(taken good care of)
The person makes the most of cruelties of slavery.
这个人把奴隶制形容得淋漓尽致。(describes carefully)
5.state n. 国家;政府;状态
v. 陈述;声明;阐述
The school buildings are in a bad state of repair.
学校建筑物迫切需要修缮。[sth. be in a (adj.) state]
She is in a poor state of health.
她身体状况很差。[sb. be in a (adj.) state]
What’s the state of play?
这部戏进行得怎么样?(相当于:How is the play going now?)
Should industry be controlled by the states?
工业应该由国家管辖吗?(国家,政府)
State your name and address, please.
说出你的姓名和住址。(say)
The book states the women’s rights very clearly.
这本书把妇女的权利阐述得非常清楚。(阐述,陈述)
New York is one of the states in America.
纽约是美国的一个州。(州)
Matter has three states.
物质有三态。
6.employ vt. 雇佣;利用
employment n. 雇用, 使用, 利用, 工作, 职业;
employer 雇佣者,老板;
employee 被雇佣者;打工者
employ主要用法:
The company employed about 100 people.
这家公司雇佣了大约一百来人。(hired)
The USA employed armed forces to Iraq.
美国对伊拉克使用了武力。(used)
The boy employed the stick as a pen.
这男孩把木棍当钢笔用。(used…as)
She employed all her spare time playing computer games.
她把她所有的空余时间都用在玩电脑游戏上。(spent…doing)
7.approach vt. 向…靠近/接近,与……打交道,着手处理(问题)
n. 靠近;接近;入门;途径;(处理问题的)方法
We approached the house with care.
我们小心翼翼地向房子靠近。(came near to)
His work approached perfection.
他的工作近乎完美。(came near to)
Did he approach you about lending him some money?
他同你商量过借给他一些钱的事了吗?(approach sb. about sth. 为某事与某人打交道)
He is easy to approach.
他很好打交道。[deal with /get along (on) with]
He approached the problem without difficulty.
他毫不费力地就解决了这个问题。(solved /settled /worked out)
Can you tell me the approach to the bridge?
你能告诉我到这座桥去的路吗?(way)
The book talks about the approaches to dealing with difficulties.
这本书谈论了如何处理困难的种种途径。(ways)
注意:approach后面的to为介词,后只接名词或动名词形式。
与此相类似的to为介词的词组和短语还有:
one one’s way to 在…路上
cf. the way
door to… 通向……之路 access to… 通向……入口
exit to… 在……出口 turn to(转向)
look forward to 期待,盼望 pay attention to 注意
devote…to… 投入于……;献身
8.ensure vt. 保证,担保,保护(make sure /make certain)
We’ll ensure your safety.
我们将保证你的安全。(ensure +sth.)
I ensure that the work will be done on time.
我保证这项工作会按时完成。(ensure+that-clause)
We’ll ensure you against danger.
我们将确保你的安全。(ensure sb. against…)
9.remain vi. 保持不变;仍是;剩下;(人)逗留
主要用法:
(1)只用作vi.
You can take all that remained.
你可以把剩余的都拿走。
Much work remains to be done.
很多工作要做。(sth. remain to be done)
(注意:如果主语与remain后的动词构成动宾关系,则要使用句型:sth. remain to be done)
It only remains for me to say that I am sorry.
剩下我能说的就是对不起。
It only remains(ed) for sb to do… 剩下某人能做的是……
(2)可用作系动词(link v.),后接名词、形容词、不定式或过去分词形式。
Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman.
彼特成了一位法官,但约翰还是一个渔夫。(remain+n.,相当于continued to be)
She remains young though she is over fifty.
虽然她50多岁了,但她仍然很年轻。(remain+adj.)
You can’t let your room remain like this.
你不能让你的房间象这个样子。(remain+prep. ph)
The city remained unchanged over 20 years.
20年来,这城市一直没什么变化。(remain+过去分词)
10.deal with 与……做生意;处理;安排
I have dealt with this company for 20 years.
我已同这家公司做了20年的生意。
(deal with… 同……做生意,相当于do business with…)
Children are tiring to deal with.
对付小孩很烦人。(treat 对付,应付)[sth. /sb. be adj. to deal with]
How do you deal
with a lazy husband?
你怎样对付一个懒丈夫?(对付)
注意:
我们常说:
These are too many problems for us to deal
with.
有很多问题需要我们去处理。
Tom’s new book deals with the troubles in Ireland.
汤姆的新书谈论了爱尔兰的争端。(is concerned with / is about / refers to / talks
about)
11.比较 search for /search…for…
search for sb./ sth. 寻找/搜寻某物(for后面接要寻找的人或物),如:
The policeman is searching for a thief in the city.
警察正在城里搜查这个贼。(search for sth)
search…for… 在某地寻找某物(search后接寻找某人或某物的地点,for后才接要寻找的东西)如:
The policeman is searching the city for the thief.
警察在城市里搜查这个贼。(search place for sb. /sth.)
search sb. 搜某人的身体如:
The policeman is searching the thief.
这警察在搜查这个小偷的身体。(search sb.)
补充:in search of“搜查某人某物”,是一介词短语。如:
The policeman went to the city in search of the thief.
警察来到这个城市搜查这个贼。