1．倍数表示法
（1）主语＋谓语＋倍数（或分数）＋as ＋adj. ＋as
I have three times as many as you.
我有你三倍那么多。
（2）主语＋谓语＋倍数（分数）＋the size (amount, length…) of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
地球是月球的49倍。
（3）主语＋谓语＋倍数（分数）＋形容词（副词）比较级＋than…
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.
今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。
（4）还可以用by＋倍数，表示增加多少倍
The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.
今年粮食产量增加了4倍。
2．分数表示法
构成：基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。分子大于1时，分子的基数词用单数，分母序数词用复数：
： one-third；3
： three and three-sevenths
3．数量表示法
（1）表示长、宽、高、面积等，用基数词＋单位词（meter, foot, inch, kilogram等）＋形容词（long，wide，high等）表示，或者用基数词＋单位词＋in ＋名词（length, width, height, weight等）表示。
two meters long 或 two meters in length 2米长
three feet high 或 three feet in height 3英尺高
four inches wide 或 four inches in width 4英寸宽
This box is 2 kilograms in weight．
这个盒子有两千克重。
The city wall of Xi’an is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high.
西安城墙是12米宽，12米高。
（2）表示时间、距离时，使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语。
five minutes’ walk 步行五分钟（的距离）
It’s an hour’s ride from my hometown to our university.
从我的家乡到我们大学是乘车一小时的路程。
或：从我的家乡到我们大学需要乘车一小时。
It’s three kilometers’ distance from our campus to the Bell Tower.
从我们校园到钟楼有三公里远。
（3）由数词和其他名词构成的名词性短语作定语时，其中的名词用单数形式，名词性短语中各部分间要用连字符“-”来连接。
It’s a five-minute walk from the library to the playground.
从图书馆到操场需要走五分钟。
She’s a sixteen-year-old girl.
她是个十六岁的女孩。
主谓一致
主谓一致是指：
1．语法形式一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2．意义上一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3．就近原则。就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
其用法要点如下：
1．并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如：
Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。
注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如：
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。
2．主谓一致中的靠近原则
（1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。
（2）当either… or…, neither… nor 和 not only …but also连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如：
Either you or she is to go.
不是你去，就是她去。
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
给你笔、信封和纸。
3．谓语动词与前面的主语一致
一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如：
There is much water in the thermos.
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, besides, including, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
教师和一些学生在参观工厂。
He as well as I wants to go boating.
他和我想去划船。
4．谓语需用单数的情况
（1）代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each, every时，谓语需用单数。例如：
Each of us has a tape-recorder.
我们每人都有录音机。
（2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。
（3）表示金钱、时间、价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如：
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
用三个星期来做准备。
Ten yuan is enough.
十元够了。
5．指代意义决定谓语的单复数
（1）代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如：
All is right. 一切顺利。
All are present. 人都到齐了。
（2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如：
His family isn’t very large.
他家成员不多。
His family are music lovers.
他家个个都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如：
Are there any police around?
（3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。例如：A number of books have lent out.
The majority of the students like English.
6．与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况
（1）用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如：
Most of his money is spent on books.
他大部分的钱化在书上了。
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
大部分学生积极参与体育运动。
（2）用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：
A series of accidents has been reported.
媒体报道了一连串的事故。
A pile of lots was set beside the hearth.
炉边有一堆木柴。
（3）如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than…of作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如：
Many a person has read the novel.
许多人读过这本书。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.
百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。
典型例题解析：
例1 He did it ________ it took me.
A．one-third a time B．one-third time
C．the one-third time D．one-third the time
解析：
time后接定语从句时，前面要加定冠词the。表示三分之一的时间，英语用one- third the time.
答案：D
例2 The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _____ pictures of them.
A．many of B．masses of
C．the number of D．a large amount of
解析：
masses of表示“大量的”，后面既可接可数名词又可接不可数的名词；the number of表示“……的数量”；a large amount of后接不可数名词；many of后接前面带有定冠词的名词。
答案：B
例3 As a result of destroying the forests, a large ______ of desert ________ covered the land.
A．number; has B．quantity; has
C．number; have D．quantity; have
解析：
a large number of 后接复数名词，不能作为答案。desert是不可数名词，只能用has.
答案：B
例4 ______ of the land in that district ________ covered with water.
A．Two fifth; is B．Two fifth; are
C．Two fifths; is D．Two fifths; are
解析：
分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词表示。如果分子大于1，序数词后面加-s.分数和百分数作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分比后的名词，句子中的主语land是单数，谓语动词要用is covered.
答案：C
例5 While watching television, _______.
A．the doorbell rang
B．the doorbell rings
C．we heard the doorbell ring
D．we heard the doorbell rings
解析：
watching television的动作执行者是we, 所以句子的主语就是we。hear sb. do sth.表示“听……做了某事”，要用动词原形作宾补。
答案：C
例6 Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
A．work B．working
C．is working D．are working
解析：
句子的主语是Professor Smith, along with his assistants 作的是补充成分，不算主语，因此要用单数。现在进行时可以表示目前这一阶段正在做的事，所以要用is working.
答案：C
例7 At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ______ down to eat our picnic lunch.
A．sitting B．having sat
C．to sit D．sat
解析：and连接found和sat.
答案：D
例8 The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A．was B．were
C．had been D．would be
解析：
本题类似于例6，with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, 不是句子的主语，它们作with的宾语，句子的主语是the teacher.
答案：A
例9 In order to improve English, _______________ .
A．Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes
B．Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself
C．a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny
D．a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny’s father
解析：
In order to improve English在句子中作目的状语，它的逻辑主语要和句子的主语Jenny一致。
答案：B
例10 The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.
A．not making B．not make
C．not to make D．nor to make
解析：
动词不定式to make life easier和not to make it more difficult都作is表语。
答案：C
例11 She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book ______ 50 million.
A．have reached B．has reached
C．are reaching D．had reached
解析：
根据所提供的情景，他的销售额已经达到了5千万，要用现在完成时，因主语是the sales,所以答案选A。
答案：A
