冲刺练习
 



  
阅读理解

 

复习策略

  在考试中,无论是语文还是英语,阅读理解的分值非常高,很多同学对此感到很头疼,希望在考前能够有有效的方法来帮助自己提高阅读理解的能力,很多老师也为此感到头疼,教了那么多年的学生,阅读理解的能力就是提高不上去。

  但是,从现实情况来看,阅读理解真的那么难吗?以至于有的地方阅读理解的平均分还达不到阅读题总分值的一半。

一、阅读理解考查的知识点

  主要考查的知识点:①掌握主旨大意,辨别主旨句与细节关系的能力。②归纳全文信息,理解全篇信息间的逻辑关系并进行推理、判断的能力。③深层理解,挖掘文章没有明确表达的意义的能力。④数据推理,图形辨认,结合常识,理解主题的能力。⑤既能根据所提供的信息去理解,也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解和判断推理。⑥较复杂的长难句的处理能力。

二、阅读理解的复习重点

  重点复习:①能读懂生词率不超过3%的文段(包括图表和常见标志)。②能把握所读材料的主要逻辑线索、时间和空间顺序。③掌握所读材料的主旨和大意。④了解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节。⑤既理解个别句子的意义,也可理解上下文之间的逻辑关系。⑥既能理解具体事实,也能理解抽象概念。⑦既能理解字面意思,也能理解深层含义。⑧根据所读材料进行一定的判断、推理和引申。⑨能根据上下文理解作者的态度和观点,以及文章的弦外之音。⑩能根据上下文和中学生应有的常识判断生词的意义,并且掌握各种题型的解题方法。

以下是阅读理解的常见类型:

(一)主旨大意型

  主旨大意题在阅读理解测试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。此类题目一般不易直接找到答案,最简单有效的方法是仔细研究文章开头的一、二句,因为他们经常是文章的主题句,然后,快速浏览文章首句和结尾句。如果第一句的主题不明,可注意结尾段是否有概括总结,对选项要注意全面性和概括性。常见的测试题题干有:

The main idea of the passage is _________.

The conclusion we can get from the story is __________.

Which of the following is the best title?

The main purpose of the story is to tell us __________.

1.主题句的确定

  主题是文章要着重说明的一个问题,是文章的核心。标题经常是表现主题的点睛之笔,要求考生选出合适的标题,其目的是检查考生对主题的理解。主旨大意题属归纳概括题。找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现,有以下五种情况:

  正三角形写作法:即中心主题句出现在文首。开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节来支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式。

  倒三角形写作法:即主题句出现在文尾。在表述细节后,归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果,以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。

  圆形写作法:即首尾呼应的写作方法。突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常,前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。

  菱形写作法:即主题句出现在文章的中间,通常前面只提出问题,文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。

  正方形写作法:即中心主题句隐含在全文之中,没有明确的主题句。在这种情况下,读者要把所有的细节综合起来,进行逻辑推理,概括归纳出主题句。

2.标题的选择

  选择标题属主旨大意题,是阅读理解题常考的题型之一,每年都有1~3个小题。那么应该怎样选择文章的标题呢?标题确定题属深层理解题,它要求考生在通读全文的基础上,认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者的写作意图。在此基础上,概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。

  概括性原则:要求标题应在最大限度上覆盖全文,囊括文章的主要内容,体现文章的主题要旨。标题实际上是文章主题的一种确认方式,前面我们提到,通过寻找主题句,往往很容易确定短文的标题。但大多数文章的主题句并不明显,需要我们仔细体会字里行间的意思,从整体上把握文章的主旨。从全局的角度归纳概括出文章的标题。要防止本末倒置,主次不分,以点代面,以偏概全。

  针对性原则:针对性原则是对标题外延的一种界定。概括性原则要求文章标题包括文章的主要内容。但如果标题过大,就违背了针对性原则。针对性原则要求标题不能太过于概括,而是要直接指向文章的主要特点。即标题的外延既不能太大也不能太小,要量体裁衣,大小适度。

  醒目性原则:标题是文章的点睛之笔,是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响文章的可读性。读者往往从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍,故标题往往比较醒目,甚至比较离奇,目的是为了吸引读者的注意力,唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。所以在标题选择的过程中,在满足概括性和针对性的条件下,还要考虑标题的醒目性。

(二)判断推理型

  英语阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,而是要求阅读者根据字面意思,通过全篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓意,这就是判断推理题。判断推理题在阅读测试中属于难题。因此,考生应在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发,运用逻辑思维,哲学原理,并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理。判断推理题经常使用的提问方式有:

  It can be inferred/concluded that _________.

  Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?

  In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed?

  The passage implies,but doesn’t directly state that ________.

  The writer suggests that __________.

  What’s the author’s attitude toward __________?

  The writer probably feels that __________.

  The author uses the examples of…to show that __________.

  判断推理是一种创造性的思维活动,但它并非无章可循。判断推理题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上,掌握文章的真正内涵。①要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索,这是推理的前提和基础。②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,由表入里,由浅入深。从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般,通过分析、综合、判断等进行深层处理,符合逻辑地推理。不能就事论事,断章取义,以偏概全。③要忠于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,立足已知,推断未知。立足现在,预测未来。不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调,揣摸作者的态度,摸准逻辑发展的方向,悟出作者的弦外之音。

  细节推断题:要求考生根据语篇关系,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。

  因果推断题:要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵,理解文章的真正含义。

  人物性格、态度及观点判断题:高考阅读测试中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题时一定要注意:由表及里的准确把握字里行间的意思,切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点;特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言,以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词;能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。

  预测想象推理题:有些内容文章中没有明确说明,要求考生根据语篇,对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写,也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述),从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。

  写作意图推测题:此题型要求考生根据文章的论述,推测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象,客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型要求同学们不但能理解文章的内容,同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。

(三)词义猜测型

  猜测词义是英语阅读的重要技巧,也是高考中必考的题型。高考中常考的词一般为实词(动词、名词、形容词等)。就方法来说,主要根据上下文线索( through context clues)和构词法等来推断。高考阅读文章中更侧重前者。词义猜测题常用提问方式有:

  The word“…”refers to/probably means/could best be replaced by ________.

  The word“…”is most likely to mean _________.

  What do you think the expression“…”stands for?

  By saying“…”we mean ________.

  “…”as used in the passage can best be defined as _________.

(四)事实细节型

  一篇文章在确定主题之后,通常要通过大量的事实和细节对主题进行解释和说明。因此有很多的题干是根据短文的细节而设计的。文章的细节题有可能是直接理解题,如事物的起因、过程、结果及发生的时向、地点等。但多数情况下是间接理解题,要求你在理解的基础上,通过自己的思维将理解的内容系统化、条理化。比如计算、排序、选图等题。选项的表述通常不是用文章的原话,而是使用同义的词语来表达。做题时一定要回到短文中找出与答题内容相关的词语和句子,在理解原文的基础上选择答案。找到关键词后最好在下面划线,以便检查。常见的提问方式有:

  According to the passage, who/ what/ which/ when/ where / while / how/how many/ how much/how long/how soon/how often…?

  According to the passage, which of the following is true/NOT true?

  According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned?

  All of the following are true EXCEPT ________.

  排序题:这种试题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系,找出事件发生的正确顺序。可采用“首尾定位法”。即先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作,迅速缩小选择范围,从而快速选出正确答案。

  图形辨认题:可采用“文字锁定法”找出描绘图形的句段,按“文”索“图”,迅速锁定相关图形。

  数字换算题:此类问题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据,通过计算,得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单,关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系,选准比较的数据,弄清单位换算关系,确定计算方法,问题便迎刃而解了。通常采用的方法有“列表法”、“推算法”等。

  表格理解题:可采用“首读题干法”、“文表分析法”。

  快速寻找信息题:一般为功能阅读,查字典、广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文,宜采用“题干定位法”。

  同义(反义)转换题:近年来高考中细节理解测试题已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查同学们对英语语言的理解能力。寻找相关的同义或反义表述,是一种有效的方式。

  代词指代理解题:一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型,所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。可采用“逻辑关系梳理法”,使人物或事件关系条理化、简单化、明朗化。

三、阅读理解的解题方法

  阅读是理解的前提和手段;理解是分析、加工和处理信息,是阅读的目的和结果。因此,做阅读理解题时,考生可以先看题目,然后再看文段,这样带着问题去阅读就更有目的性,也可以先看文段,然后再做题,从宏观上把握文段的大意,还可以将两者结合起来,边看边做,边做边看。关于阅读测试考查的体裁和题材、问题的设置,考生自己也可以进行归类。

  在这里,介绍主要的几种阅读方法,供考生参考。

1.略读法

  略读法是快速阅读中的一种方法,通常又称为浏览。略读的关键是在能抓住文章要点的前提下以个人最快的速度阅读,主要目的是尽快获得足够的信息以便准确地回答有关文章主旨和大意的问题。利用略读法去做阅读时,要特别注意文章首尾两段,要学会寻找文章段落的主题句,这是高效省时抓住段落要点的一条捷径,同时也是准确理解全文大意的有效途径。

2.查阅法

  考生从文段中获得所需的具体信息,可以不需要阅读整篇文章,而只需找出可能包含所需信息的部分,然后加以阅读就行,这种方法就是查阅法。查阅法主要是获得具体的信息,回答具体的问题,即测试中的细节问题,它常常与5W和1H,即Who,What,When,Where,Why和How有关,有时跟具体的数字如长度、宽度、距离、大小、尺寸等有联系。考生在使用查阅法时,应该注意文章的结构和顺序排列,文章的结构有的是按时间顺序排列,有的是按空间顺序排列,有的是按逻辑顺序排列。弄清楚文章的排列顺序考生就能在阅读和回答问题时做到高效省时,准确无误,在最短的时间内找到所需的信息。

3.同义互释法

  所谓同义互释,就是在阅读的时候从备选项中找出与原文意思相同或相近的词、词组或短语,它们在意思上相同或相近,可以互相解释,互相替换,这种阅读方式叫做同义互释法。它是英语阅读理解的常见方法之一,在高考中有些深层理解或者判断推理的问题可以采用同义互释法。

4.判断推理法

  利用略读法、查阅法和猜测词义法能够解决答题中的许多问题。可是,在答题的时候,考生有时会发现所给的四个选项中,有不止—个选项可以作为答案项,这时就应该意识到该题是一个判断推理题了。如果有别的备选答案的话,就要根据文章的主旨和作者的意图,选择比较,去伪存真,做出深层理解和全面分析,进行合理的推理和判断,选出切合文章主旨和作者意图的最佳答案。

5.联想法

  读题时要学会联想与想象,一方面要设身处地站在作者的立场去考虑问题;另一方面要发挥想象力从逻辑是去推测你还没有读到的下一段会说什么,这点对英语和语文都是很重要的。只有这样,才能调动起自己的阅读积极性来,从而使自己读完题目后精神处于最活跃的状态,对作者原文的理解是在自己积极参与的情况下完成的。就避免了随意猜测的盲目性。

6.高难度练习法

  平常的阅读难度要高于高考阅读的难度,那才能有好的效果,不然作用就不会很大。所以在选择阅读的材料时,一方面是练习题,另一方面建议同学们尝试着读几篇难度较大的文章或者小说或者新闻或者其他的都可以。长度是平常阅读的两倍或三倍就可以。反复琢磨,不必力求上来就全盘把握,看看你自己是如何去理解一篇有难度的文章的,自己的错误在哪里,很容易找出来,这种错误是可以避免的吗?一定要自问一下,如果是不该犯的错误,那为什么自己犯了错?这样就可以从思维方式纠正自己,以后在做题目的时候就形成了良好的习惯,错误自然减少。阅读理解的练习不求多而求精。

  今后高考阅读理解测试的内容和形式将朝着纵深方向发展,命题的难度也将逐渐加大。因此,考生复习时,最好按高考做题的时间比例,五篇文章用30分钟,阅读词数总量在2500左右。单篇限时6分钟,或用半小时做五篇阅读。选择文章体裁尽量多样,讲究理解内涵,注意语境,注意文章脉络走向及关联词的使用。有了量的积累才能有质的飞跃。

  总之,考生从整体上把握一篇文章的脉络,明确每一段的大意,理解文章的中心思想和作者的行文思路,是做阅读理解获取高分的基础和前提条件。

四、阅读理解答题技巧

考生在应试时,应做到:

1.心平气和、呼吸正常,保证大脑处于有氧运动状态;

2.第一遍阅读应是快速的,从所带问题入手,以快速阅读所带来的语感为契机,初步确定2—3个答案;

3.未能立即确定的答案,应仔细分析四个备选项在语意上、语法上的差异,先排除1-2个备选项;

4.备选项难以区分差异时,应从逻辑上来推断,亦可用反证法加以区分或逐一排除干扰项;

5.尽可能地将短文所涉及的5W、1H弄清楚(但并非所有短文均有5W、1H),它们是who,what,when,where,why及how;

6.考查文章深层含义或具体细节时,应迅速搜集自己平时的中文、英文积累,去粗取精,去伪存真,由此及彼,以表及里,认真答题,切不可随意放弃答题机会。

典型例题解析

例1、

A

  Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson, Arizona. He moved there a few years ago, and I was eager to see his new place and meet his friends.

  My earliest memories of my father are of a tall, handsome, successful man devoted to his work and family, but uncomfortable with his children. As a child I loved him; as a school girl and young adult(成年人) I feared him and felt bitter about him. He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as“successful”as he was. Whenever I went out with him on weekends, I used to struggle to think up things to say, feeling on guard.

  On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my father’s friends for lunch at an outdoor cafe. We walked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate on the street table, and laughed over my son’s funny facial expressions. Gone was my father’s critical(挑剔的) air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around? What had held him back before?

  The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood. Although our times together became easier over the years, I never felt closer to him at that moment. After so many years, I’m at last seeing another side of my father. And in so doing, I’m delighted with my new friend. My dad, in his new home in Arizona, is back to me from where he was.

56.Why did the author feel bitter about her father as a young adult?

A.He was silent most of the time.

B.He was too proud of himself.

C.He did not love his children.

D.He expected too much of her.

57.When the author went out with her father on weekends, she would feel ________.

A.nervous          B.sorry

C.tired           D.safe

58.What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?

A.More critical.

B.More talkative.

C.Gentle and friendly.

D.Strict and hard-working.

59.The underlined words“my new friend”in the last paragraph refer to ________.

A.the author’s son

B.the author’s father

C.the friend of the author’s father

D.the cafe owner

答案与解析:

56.D。根据第二段的第三句话可知,父亲对她期望很多。

57.A。根据第二段的最后一句话可知。

58.C。根据第三段可知,尤其是倒数第二句。

59.B。根据最后一句话及全文作者对父亲的印象的改变可知。

例2、

B

  More than 10 years ago, it was difficult to buy a tasty pineapple(菠萝). The fruits that made it to the UK were green on the outside and, more often than not, hard with an unpleasant taste within. Then in 1996, the Del Monte Gold pineapple produced in Hawaii first hit our shelves.

  The new type of pineapple looked more yellowy-gold than green. It was slightly softer on the outside and had a lot of juice inside. But the most important thing about this new type of pineapple was that it was twice as sweet as the hit-and-miss pineapples we had known. In no time, the Del Monte Gold took the market by storm, rapidly becoming the world’s best-selling pineapple variety, and delivering natural levels of sweetness in the mouth, up until then only found in tinned pineapple.

  In nutrition(营养) it was all good news too. This nice-tasting pineapple contained four times more vitamin C(维生素C) than the old green variety. Nutritionists said that it was not only full of vitamins, but also good against some diseases. People were understandably eager to be able to buy this wonderful fruit. The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater.

  Seeing the growing market for its winning pineapple, Del Monte tried to keep the market to itself. But other fruit companies developed similar pineapples. Del Monte turned to law for help, but failed. Those companies argued successfully that Del Monte’s attempts to keep the golden pineapple for itself were just a way to knock them out of the market.

60.We learn from the text that the new type of pineapple is ________.

A.green outside and sweet inside

B.good-looking outside and soft inside

C.yellowy-gold outside and hard inside

D.a little soft outside and sweet inside

61.Why was the new type of pineapple selling well?

A.It was rich in nutrition and tasted nice.

B.It was less sweet and good for health.

C.It was developed by Del Monte.

D.It was used as medicine.

62.The underlined word“fixture”in Paragraph 3 probably refers to something ________.

A.that people enjoy eating

B.that is always present

C.that is difficult to get

D.that people use as a gift

63.We learn from the last paragraph that Del Monte ________.

A.allowed other companies to develop pineapples

B.succeeded in keeping the pineapple for itself

C.tried hard to control the pineapple market

D.planned to help the other companies

答案与解析:

60.D。根据第二段的第二句话和第三句话可知。

61.A。根据第二段和第三段可知。

62.B。根据作者对pineapple的描绘可知“它”成为人们的购物篮中不可缺少的一部分,故选B,意为“总是出现的,存在的”。

63.C。根据最后一段可知。

例3、

A

  Margaret, married with two small children, has been working for the last seven years as a night cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building.

  She trained as a nurse, but had to give it up when her elder child became seriously ill.“I would have liked to go back to it, but the shifts(工作班次) are all wrong for me, as I have to be home to get the children up and off to school.”

  So she works as a cleaner instead, from 9 p. m. till 6 a. m. five nights a week for just £90, before tax and insurance.“It’s better than it was last year, but I still think that people who work‘unsocial hours’should get a bit extra.”

  The hours she’s chosen to work mean that she sees plenty of the children, but very little of her husband. However, she doesn’t think that puts any pressure on their relationship.

  Her work isn’t physically very hard, but it’s not exactly pleasant, either.“I do get angry with people who leave their offices like a place for raising pigs. If they realized people like me have to do it, perhaps they’d be a bit more careful.”

  The fact that she’s working all night doesn’t worry Margaret at all. Unlike some dark buildings at night, the building where she works is fully lit, and the women work in groups of three.“Since I’ve got to be here, I try to enjoy myself—and I usually do, because of the other girls. We all have a good laugh, so the time never drags.”

  Another challenge Margaret has to face is the reaction of other people when she tells them what she does for a living.“They think you’re a cleaner because you don’t know how to read and write,”said Margaret.“I used to think what my parents would say if they knew what I’d been doing, but I don’t think that way any more. I don’t dislike the work though I can’t say I’m mad about it.”

61.Margaret quit her job as a nurse because ________.

A.she wanted to earn more money to support her family

B.she had suffered a lot of mental pressure

C.she needed the right time to look after her children

D.she felt tired of taking care of patients

62.Margaret gets angry with people who work in the office because ________.

A.they never clean their offices

B.they look down upon cleaners

C.they never do their work carefully

D.they always make a mess in their offices

63.When at work, Margaret feels ________.

A.light-hearted because of her fellow workers

B.happy because the building is fully lit

C.tired because of the heavy workload

D.bored because time passes slowly

64.The underlined part in the last paragraph implies that Margaret’s parents would ________.

A.help care for her children

B.regret what they had said

C.show sympathy for her

D.feel disappointed in her

答案与解析:

61.C。由第二段内容可知,Margaret放弃护士工作是因为她白天要照看孩子以及接送孩子上学。

62.D。由第五段第二句话可知Margaret生气的原因是因为办公室里的人们把办公室弄成了像养猪的地方。

63.A。由第六段最后两句话可知。

64.D。最后一段提到Margaret面临的另一个挑战就是当人们知道她正在干的活时对她的反应。因此她想到如果自己的父母知道这件事后也会和人们的看法一样,即父母对自己作为一名清洁工感到很失望。

例4、

B

  Kathy started at my nursery school at the age of three. She settled into the group easily, and would be first on the slide and highest up the climbing frame. She could put on her coat without help and not only fasten her own buttons but other children’s too.

  She was a lovely child but unfortunately a scratcher. If anyone upset her or stood in her way, her right hand would flash out fast and scratch down the face of her playmates. Children twice her age would fly in fear from her.

  This must have been very rewarding for Kathy but obviously it had to be stopped. All the usual ways failed and then I remembered an account by G. Atkinson of Highfield School, of how fights in the playground had been stopped. No punishment had been given, but the attacker had been ignored and the victims rewarded. So I decided to try this out on Kathy.

  With a pocketful of Smarties I followed Kathy around. She was so quick that it was impossible to prevent her scratching, but I was determined to stay within arm’s length all afternoon.

  All was peaceful but then I saw Kathy’s hand moved and heard the scream. Gently I gathered up the little hurt one in my arms and said“Nice, nice sweetie”and I put a Smartie into her mouth. Kathy opened her mouth, expecting a Smartie and then looked puzzled when she got nothing.

  Soon came another scream, this time from John. While holding him in my arms, I said,“Look, Kathy, a nice Smartie for John”and put it into John’s mouth.

  A smile of understanding flashed across Kathy’s face. Minutes later, she came to me and said loudly,“Give me a Smartie! I have hurt my finger!”

  “No,”I replied,“you’ll get it if someone hurts you.”

  On purpose, she turned and scratched a nearby boy, Tom, and waited quietly while I mothered and rewarded him, then she walked away.

  She has never scratched a child since.

  Parents who find older children bullying younger brothers and sisters might do well to replace shouting and punishment by rewarding and giving more attention to the injured ones. It’s certainly much easier and more effective.

65.From the passage, we know that Kathy is ________.

A.sensitive but slow

B.smart but a bit rude

C.independent but selfish

D.quick but sort of passive

66.Kathy scratched Tom because ________.

A.she was angry at Tom, who was in her way

B.she wanted to get a Smartie from the teacher

C.she was in the habit of scratching other children

D.she wanted to know if the teacher meant what she had said

67.According to the passage,the underlined word“bullying”is closest in meaning to“________”.

A.helping          B.punishing

C.hurting          D.protecting

68.The writer of this passage aims to recommend an approach to ________.

A.rewarding children’s good behavior

B.correcting children’s bad behavior

C.punishing badly-behaved children

D.praising well-behaved children

答案与解析:

65.B。由全文内容得知,Kathy是一个很敏捷的孩子,不但自己能穿衣服、扣纽扣,而且还能帮其他的孩子这样做,但却是一个scratcher,即好抓伤别人,这样的行为当然是粗鲁的。

66.D。由倒数第三段内容可知Kathy不相信老师的话,于是故意抓伤Tom,想看看Tom是否得到了糖果。

67.C。作者是在借对Kathy的教育向其他发生的类似情况的家长们进行推荐,当发现大一些的孩子伤害(bullying)小一些的孩子时可用这种方法进行教育。

68.B。由全文内容特别是最后一段的内容可知,作者是在向大家推荐一种纠正孩子不良行为的方法。

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