1．…must do whatever they can to help other. …… 尽一切能力去帮助别人。
此句子还可以用以下表达方式：
或
2．… there is still time to take action.
take action意为“采取行动”，action在此词组中为不可数名词，没有数的变化。
注意以下表达：
take action to do sth. 采取行动去做某事
take measures to do sth. 采取措施去做某事
take steps to do sth. 采取步骤去做某事
3．content
（1）adj. 满足；满意（satisfied/ happy/ pleased）
主要搭配：be content do to sth. 对做某事感到满足/愿意做某事
be content with sb./ sth. 对某人/某事感到满意
例：John is well content to do so.
约翰很愿意这样干。
Mary is well content just to sit in front of the TV all day.
玛丽满足于整天坐在电视机前。
Kate is not content with her present life.
凯特不满足于她目前的生活。
（2）n. 内容（指某本书、杂志、报纸等的内容，多为不可数名词）
n. 目录（使用content的复数形式）
n. 容量（指某个地方所容纳的东西，可有复数形式）
例：I like the cover of the book but I don’t like the content.
我喜欢这本书的封面，但不喜欢它的内容。（[U]）
Do you understand the content of this article?
你理解这篇文章的内容吗？（[U]）
You will find this article quickly if you look up it in the contents of the books.
你如果在目录里查找，便能很快地找到这篇文章。（pl.目录）
I want to have a look at the contents of this room.
我想看一看这房间里的东西。
4．take part in / join in /join
辨析：
例如：
This activity is very interesting, it’s very popular among us. Many students have joined in/ taken part in it, Tom also wants to join in, but he has joined the club of our school, so he let his sister join us. Would you like to join us in it?
5．at the end of 在……的终点/尽头（可指时间、地点）
in the end 最后，相当于at last, finally
make an end of 结束
put an end to （相当于bring an end to…）制止/阻止（不好事情的发生）
例：He will come here at the end of this month.
他会在月底来这儿。
You can find a post office at the end of the road.
在这条路的尽头你可以找到一个邮局。
The conference came to an end yesterday.
会议昨天结束了。
Let’s make an end of our discussion.
让我们结束我们的讨论吧！
This year is drawing to an end.
这一年快要结束了。
We should put an end to this foolish behavior.
我们应该结束这愚蠢的行为。
6．affect v.
（1）影响（have an / some effect on…）
The climate affected the amount of rainfall. 气候影响了雨量。
（2）感动（cause feeling of sorrow , anger, love…）
She was too affected to answer.
她激动得说不出话来。
（3）（疾病）侵袭
He was affected with high fever. 他发高烧。
7．access n. 接近；进入
主要用法：
指具体进入、接近（某地）的路径时，是可数名词；指抽象地接近、靠近、使用某种权利时，为不可数名词。例：
The only access to that building is along that dirty road.
到达那建筑物的唯一通道是沿着那条脏路走。（[C]）
Students need easy access to books.
学生们需要更方便的借书途径。（[U]）
You can easily get access to him.
你能很容易接近他。（[U]）
Before liberation, the poor people had no access to education.
解放前，穷人没有受教育的机会。（[U]）
8．frighten vt. 使吃惊，使惊骇，使害怕
（1）sth./sb. frightens sb. 某事/某人吓坏了某人
被动：sb. be frightened by/ at/ with sb./sth.
（2）frighten sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人去做某事
（3）frighten sb. out of doing sth. 恐吓某人不去做某事
（4）be frightened of 对……感到害怕/恐惧……
相当于：be terrified of/ be afraid of/ be scared of/ be fearful of
（5）frightening adj. 令人恐惧的
a frightening snake 令人害怕的蛇
（6）frightened adj. 感到恐惧的，受惊的
a frightened boy 受到惊吓的男孩
注意：在look, expression, face等词前，表面看起来指的是物，实际上，它们指代的是人，所以应用过去分词修饰它们。如：
a frightened look 吃惊的面孔（表明他本人很吃惊，很害怕）
选择现在分词还是过去分词，取决于所表达的意义。如：
英语的基本语序是“主语＋谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序叫做倒装语序。倒装的原因，一是语法结构的需要，一是为了强调。
倒装有两种。较为常见的一种是助动词在主语之前，谓语动词的其余部分在主语之后，如果没有现成的助动词，就加do, does或did。这种倒装叫部分倒装。如：
Did you see Mary? 你看见玛丽了吗？
Has your mother spoken to Tom?
你母亲同汤姆说过了吗？
Only yesterday did I realize what was going on.
只是到了昨天，我才意识到情况是怎样的。
有一种倒装是将整个谓语部分放在主语之前，这种倒装称为完全倒装。
（一）部分倒装
1．否定词及短语放在句首。（not until, hardly, seldom, not a single mistake, nowhere, little, scarcely, no sooner, at no time, in no case, in no way, by no means…）
（1）由否定词引导的从句置于句首。
①Not until my mother came back did I go to bed.
直到妈妈回来我才上床睡觉。
（注意：not…until…句型，从句until引导的从句置于句首，这时主句中的not也要同until一起提前，形成了Not until引导的从句在句首，主句要用部分倒装）
②Not only…but also…句型，not only引导的句子在句首时，not only句子使用部分倒装，与but also无关。例如：
Not only is he a good player, but also he was a good pianist.
他不仅是个好队员，而且还曾经是个不错的钢琴家。
注意：not only…but also 同时修饰主语时，不使用倒装，如：
Not only Mary but also Tom is a player.
③
在此句型中，否定词hardly, no sooner 部分多用过去完成时，且用部分倒装，而后面when/than引导的从句多用一般过去时。如：
Hardly had we got home when it began to rain.
我们一回到家，天就开始下雨了。
相当于：No sooner had we got home than it began to rain.
（2）否定词组置于句首
In no way can you work out the problem.
使用任何办法你都做不出这道题。
In no case will China be first to use nuclear weapons.
任何时候中国绝不首先使用核武器。
（3）否定词置于句首
Hardly do we go home.
我们几乎不回家。
Never shall I forget it.
我永远忘不了这件事。
Little does he care about what others think.
他很少考虑别人是怎么想的。
2．（1）Only＋
（2）Only＋介词短语（in this way, by this means…）
（3）Only＋状语从句
以上部分置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，如：
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
只是到那时候，我才意识到我错了。
Only in this way can you improve your pronunciation.
只有用这种方法你才能改善你的发音。
Only when his hometown was liberated in 1949 was he able to go to school.
只有在1949年他家乡解放时，他才能上学。
3．so… that… 引导的结果状语从句置于句首时，so部分要进行部分倒装。
So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.
他读得那么响亮以至于每个人都听见了。
So young is he that he can’t go to school.
他太小了不能上学。
4．表示祝愿的句式，如：
May you succeed! 祝你成功！
5．副词so置于句首，表示前面所说情况也适用于另一个人（物），其句型是：so＋be(have/助动词/情态动词)＋主语。注意so前面的句式应为肯定句。
She is a teacher. So is her mother.
她是教师，她母亲也是。
You can ride a bike. So can I.
你会骑自行车，我也会。
He has been to Beijing. So have I.
他去过北京，我也去过。
I saw the film last week. So did she.
上星期我看了这部电影，她也看了。
6．副词neither/ nor置于句首，表示否定的内容也适用于另一个人（物），其句型为：Neither/Nor＋be/have/助动词/情态动词＋主语。
I have never been abroad, neither has he.
我从未出过国，他也没去过。
I am not interested in maths, neither is he.
我对数学不感兴趣，他也不感兴趣。
I didn’t go to the cinema last night, nor did he.
昨晚我没去看电影，他也没去。
7．虚拟语气中if从句中，如省略if，从句部分要进行部分倒装。
（1）Were I you, I would do it
相当于：If I were you, I would do it.
（2）Had I seen you yesterday, I would have told you about it.
相当于：If I had seen you yesterday, I would have told you about it.
（3）Were I to go there tomorrow, I would visit her.
相当于：If I were to go there tomorrow, I would visit her.
（4）Should I do it next week, I would keep you informed.
相当于：If I should do it next week, I would keep you informed.
注意：此种倒装的前提是：if从句须有现成的助动词如：were, had done, should do,were to do等，如没有上述动词，就不用倒装，如：
If I lived here now, I would go to work on foot.（没有现成的助动词，if从句不用倒装）
8．词语的前移
（1）as/though 引导的倒装
Young as / though he is, he knows much.
虽然他年轻，但他懂得很多。
注意：倒装句中though不可用although替换，as在句型中，指“虽然……但是……”之意。陈述句为：Although/Though he is young, he knows much. as不可用于陈述句型中指“虽然……但是……”。
（2）However/ No matter how 引导的句式。如：
不管天多冷，他坚持每天早上六点起床。
注意不可写为：
或
（二）完全倒装
1．指地点状语的副词、介词短语置于句首时。如：here, there, out, in, up, down, away, in front of the house, among the people…
例如：There goes the bell. 铃响了
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
Out rushed the children. 孩子们匆忙出来。
Under the table is a cat. 桌下有一只猫。
注意：表示地点的副词置于句首时，如主语是人称人词时，则主语、谓语语序不变。如：
Here it is.
Out he rushed.
2．在“表语＋系动词＋主语”结构中。如：
Present at the meeting are teachers and students.
老师和学生都出席了这个会议。
Gone are days when they were looked down upon by others.
他们被人瞧不起的日子一去不复返了。
3．某些口号式的句子。例如：
Long live the people! 人民万岁！
