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Unit 14 Festivals

 

一、重难点单词与短语

1.opinion n. 意见,看法

  主要用法:

  (1)可作可数名词,指某人的“意见、看法”。

  (2)也可作不可数名词,尤其在in one’s opinion词组中。

  (3)在词组 have a good/high opinion of sb./sth. (对某人/某物看重/评价高)和have a bad/low opinion of sb./sth. (对某人/某物不看重/评价低)中,opinion不随着主语的数而变化。例如:

  His opinions are usually based on facts. 他的看法通常有事实根据。[C]

  In my opinion, you are wrong. 依我的看法,你错了。

  in one’s opinion= in the opinion of sb. [U]

  Our headmaster has a good opinion of my headteacher.

  我们的校长对我们班主任评价很高。

2.probably adv. 大概,很可能(almost certainly)

  probable adj.

  (1)He probably can’t pass the exam. 他可能通不过考试。(probably要放在否定助动词之前)

  (2)She was probably married. 她可能结婚了。(probably放在助动词后)

  (3)—Will you be able to come tomorrow? 明天你能来吗?

     —Probably. 大概可以。

注意:

probably not (可能不)≠not possibly (不可能)

not possibly = impossibly (不可能)

3.faith n. 信念;忠实(strong belief; trust)

主要短语:have faith in sth. / sb. 相信某事/某人

类似短语:have faith in/ believe in/ have belief in/ have trust in

I have faith in his ability.

我对他的能力有信心。(have faith in sth.)

It is impossible for him to steal my money: I have faith in him.

他不会偷我的钱,我相信他。

派生词:

faithful adj. 守信的,忠实的,详确的,可靠的

faithfully adv. 忠诚地,如实地,切实遵守地

We should be faithful to our friends.

我们对朋友应该忠实。(be faithful to)

We often write“Yours faithfully”at the end of the letter.

我们经常在信的末尾写上“Yours faithfully”。

4.joy n. 欢乐;喜悦;乐趣

  joyful adj. 快乐的,兴高彩烈的,可喜的,令人欢欣的

He was filled with joy. 他非常高兴。

To the joy of his mother, he got the first place in the exam.

使他母亲高兴的是,他在考试中得了第一名。(to the joy of sb = to sb’s joy 令某人高兴的是)

与to the joy of sb = to sb’s joy类似短语:

令某人吃惊的是 to the surprise of sb = to sb’s surprise.

令某人失望的 to the disappointment of sb = to sb’s disappointment

5.light vt. & vi 点着,变亮

  light vt.

He lit/lighted (up) the candle and the candle lit/lighted (up) the room.

他点燃了蜡烛,蜡烛照亮了房间。(light (up) sth. 点燃,照亮)

Suddenly a smile lit/lighted (up) her face.

突然微笑使她的脸亮了起来。

The next morning, people found many lighted matches in the little girl’s hand.

第二天早上,人们发现小女孩手上有很多点燃的火柴。(此句中的lighted 不可用lit替换。)

lighted与lit的区别:lighted可用作定语,但lit却不能。如:

a lighted match 一支点燃的火柴(不能说a lit match)

6.gift n. 礼物;天赋

gifted adj. 有天赋的

Mary received many beautiful gifts on her 18th birthday.

玛丽在18岁生日那天收到了许多漂亮礼物。(礼物,相当于presents)

He has a gift for music.

他有音乐天份。(have a gift for sth. 有……才能/天赋)

She has the gift of speaking well.

她天生能言善道。(have the gift of doing sth. 生来就会……)

Mr. Wang is a very gifted person.

王先生是一个很有才华的人。(gifted adj.有才华的,有天赋的)

6.dress up 盛装;打扮;装饰(make sth./sb. more beautiful)

主要用法:

(1)dress sb. up in (服装)用(衣服)来装扮某人

(2)dress sth. up in sth./doing sth. 用……来装饰某物

(3)dress sb. up as (身份)把某人装扮为……的身份

During the Spring Festival, people always dress themselves up in their best clothes.

在春节期间,人们总是穿上他们最好的衣服。(dress sb. up in clothes)

He dressed the fact up in amusing details.

他妙口生花把事情说得很生动。(dress sth. up in doing sth.)

The US government always tires to dress itself up as“angles of peace.”

美国政府总是企图把自己打扮成“和平天使”。(dress sb. up as把某人打扮为……的身份)

They dressed themselves up as ghosts on Halloween.

8.play a trick on = play tricks on 开某人玩笑,欺骗某人

The children loved playing tricks on their teacher.

小孩爱跟老师恶作剧。

In western countries, people always play tricks on each other on April Fool’s Day.

在西方国家,人们在愚人节总是彼此捉弄。

类似短语:

play a trick on sb.

play tricks on sb.

trick (vt.)sb.

make a joke about sb./sth.

make a fool of sb.=fool sb.

9.take in 欺骗;摄取

My mother was taken in by that businessman.

我的母亲被那个商人骗了。(sb be taken in by…欺骗,相当于cheat)

He had nowhere to go, so I took him in.

他无处可去,所以我收留了他。(收留,收容)

I wonder if he’s really taking it in.

我想知道他是否真正明白了。(理解,相当于understand)

The study of physics takes in many difficult subjects.

物理的学习包括许多困难的方面。(包括,涉及,相当于include)

二、重难点句子解析

1.Mardi Gras is celebrated on a Tuesday in the month of February or March.

“油腻的礼拜二”这个节日在二月或三月里的一个星期二庆祝。

On a Tuesday→because there are four Tuesdays in a month. We don’t know on which Tuesday Mardi Gras is celebrated 所指哪一个星期二并不明确,所以用a。又如:

Women’s Day falls on a Monday this year.

今年的妇女节是星期一。(因为一年有很多个星期一,泛指)

in the month or February of March,这里month与February或March是同位关系,指的是同一概念,所以使用the,因为月份的名称很明确。例如:

The city of Beijing is our capital.

北京市是我们的首都。(城市就是北京,特指)

2.Kwanzaa is a seven—day festival celebrating the culture and history of African Americans.

宽扎文化节是一个七天的节日,庆祝非裔美国人的文化历史。

(1)seven-day是一个复合词,起形容词作用。

此复合形容词的构成方法是:基数词+名词单数。例如:

a five-year plan 一个五年计划

a three-leg table 一张三条腿的桌子

a 2000-word report 一篇2000字的报告

(2)句中的celebrating …是现在分词语,作后置定语,相当于which celebrates…例如:

The girl standing under the tree is Mary.

站在树下的女孩是玛丽。(standing under the tree 相当于who is standing under the tree)

The building facing south is a school.

这个朝南的建筑物是一所学校。(facing south相当于which faces south)

3.The festivals were a way to celebrate history and culture, as well as the new year.

与新年一样,这些节日是纪念历史和文化的一种方法。

(1)此句也可把as well as the new year 放在句首,即:

  As well as the new year, the festivals were a way to celebrate history and culture.

  as well as意思是“也,和”可以用来连接主语、谓语、宾语、表语等等。例如:

  His parents as well as he treat me very well

  他父母和他对我都很好。(连接主语)

  注意:as well as 连接主语时,谓语动词的单复数要根据as well as前面的名词或代词来确定。

  as well as 与动词连用时,其后用V-ing形式,尤其as well as 位于句首时,此时相当于in addition to。例如:

  We are repairing the roof as well as painting the walls.

  我们在粉刷墙壁同时也在修理屋顶。

  As well as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm.

  他不但摔断了腿,而且还伤了胳膊。

  She sings as well as playing the piano.

  她不但会弹钢琴,而且会唱歌。

(2)…a way to celebrate history and culture…

  way这里表示“方法,方式,途径”。表示此义时,后面接不定式(a way to do sth);way表示“路途,道路”时,to后接名词或动名词.即a way to sth./doing sth. 例如:

  You can think, a better way to solve the problem.

  你可以想出更好的办法来解决这个问题。(a way to do sth., 办法;方法)

  On my way to school, I met with one of my old friends.

  在上学的路上,我遇见一位老朋友。(on one’s way to place 路途)

  This young girl is on the way to becoming a famous singer.

  这个年轻的女孩不久就会成为红歌星。(on the way to doing sth. 道路,路途)

  句中的history, culture, society前不用冠词。一般来说,表示概念性或学科性的抽象名词前不用冠词。比较:in history, in American history与in the history of America.

  但如果前面带有修饰成分的形容词,有时要用不定冠词a,如:

  China has a long history and a rich culture.

三、语法点拨——must, have to与have got to

must→it is necessary for you to do sth/need to do sth. 你必须要做某事件。

(opp. don’t need to/need not/needn’t 你没有必要做某件事)

have to→There is no choice for you, when you do sth. 你不得不做。

(opp. don’t have to)

have got to 相当于have to, 常用口语中。

mustn’t→you are not allowed to do sth.(不允许,禁止做某事)

例如:

We must hand in our exercise books on time.

我们必须按时交练习本。

We have to walk home because our car broke down on the way.

由于车在途中抛锚了,我们不得不步行回家。

You don’t have to clean the classroom every day, you can clean it every two days.

你没有必要每天打扫教室,你可以每两天扫一次。

(否定式:have not got to/don’t have got to)

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