1．surround vt. & vi. 包围；围绕（to be/go all around sb./sth.）
The garden is surrounded by a high wall.
花园外有高高的围墙.（sth be surrounded by……）
The teacher is surrounded by a group of students.
老师被一群学生围着。（sb be surrounded by ……）
The enemies surrounded the small village.
敌人包围了这个小村庄。（vt. 包围）
He is surrounded by friends.
他周围有许多朋友。
派生词：
surrounding adj. 邻近的；附近的（只用于名词前）
the surrounding villages 邻近的村庄
surroundings n. (pl) 四周；生活环境
in pleasant surroundings 在舒适的环境中
in natural surroundings 在自然环境中
2．heat n. 热；热度；压力[U]
vt. & vi . 加热
This fire doesn’t give out much heat.
这个暖炉不够热。 （热，[U]）
I like the English climate because I can’t stand the heat.
我很怕热，英国的气候最适合我。 (the heat 指“炎热的天气”，相当于 hot weather)
Old houses are more difficult to heat than modern ones.
旧房子取暖要比新房子困难。（变暖/热 make sth hot / warm）
Is it a heated swimming-pool?
这是不是温水游泳池？（adj. 被加热的/被取暖的）
The meal is already cooked but it will need heating up.
饭菜早做好了，得把它热热才能吃。 [heat (up) sth 把……加热]
In the heat of the argument he said a lot of things he didn’t mean.
争辩激烈，他说了很多本不想说的话。（激动/愤怒 a time of anger/excitement）
3．settle vt. 使定居；解决；使平静
vi 安家；定居；停留
A great many people have settled in this country.
很多人已经在这个国家定居。（移民，定居）
They settled the problem without going to court（法庭）.
他们没有上法庭就解决了问题。（和解，解决）
Everything’s settled. We leave on the nine o’clock flight on Friday.
一切都安排好了，我们星期五乘九点钟的飞机离开。 [决定/安排好（计划，行动等）]
I settled in front of the television for the evening.
我舒适地坐在电视机前度过那个晚上。（使……放松下来 become relaxed）
The baby wouldn’t settle.
那个婴儿不肯安静下来。（平静 calm）
A bird settled on the roof.
一只鸟停在屋顶上。（降落；歇息）
He settled to buy a car.
他决定买车。（决定）
短语动词：
settle down
（1）舒适地坐下，躺下（to get into a comfort position sitting or lying）
I made a cup of tea and settled down with the newspapers.
我泡了一杯茶，然后舒适地坐下来看报纸。
（2）过安宁/宁静的生活（尤指定居某地或结婚等）
She had a number of jobs abroad before she settled down.
她安顿下来前，在国外曾担任过许多不同的工作。
（3）安静下来（to become calm/quiet）
Settle down! It’s time to start the lesson.
静下来！是开始上课的时候了。
拓展：
settle down to sth 开始专注于做某事（to是介词）
Before you settle down to your work, could I ask you something?
在你开始工作之前，我可以问你一些问题吗？（settle down to sth./doing sth.）
4．voyage n. 航行（尤指航海/航天）（a long journey by sea / in space）
This is the first spaceship on a voyage to the moon.
这就是第一个飞向月球的太空船。（航天）
He had to make a long voyage on the sea because of the bad weather.
由于坏天气，他不得不在海上航行很长一段时间。（航行）
派生词：voyager 航行者（a person who makes a voyage）
5．cattle n. 牛；家养牲畜
He has 30 cattle on the farm.
农场里他有30头牲畜。（通常用作复数，不可加s，不与a连用）
He has a head of cattle of his own.
他有自己的一头牛。（a head of cattle不可说：a cattle）
The cattle are lying on the grassland.
牲畜躺在草地上。（作主语，谓语动词用复数）
6．turn to
（1）求助于（to go to for help, advice, comfort, etc）
If you lose your way, you can turn to a policeman for help.
如果你迷了路，你可以求助于警察。（turn to sb for sth）
（2）开始工作；着手（to begin work; work）
They turned to at once and soon produced a plan.
他们立即开始工作，不久就拟定了一项计划。
（3）翻到（某页）
Please turn to Page 99.
请翻到第99页。
（4）转向
She turned to the study of medicine.
她转向学医了。（转向）
Turn to the left when you get to the post office.
到达邮局后就向左拐。（转弯）
拓展：其它一些与turn有关的词组
turn out 出席，露面 turn off / on 关掉/打开
turn down / up 调低/调高
7．（1）take (get /gain) possession of 占有……；占领；拿到……
The soldiers took possession of the enemy's fort.
士兵攻占了敌人的堡垒。
（2）in possession of sth. 控制，占有，占据
Class 4 were in possession of the ball for most of the match.
4班的队员在比赛的大部分时间控制着球。
比较：in possession of sth. 由……控制，在……的掌控之下
（3）Possession is nine-tenths of the law.
（谚）现实占有，败一胜九。/ 占有者在诉讼中总占上风。
1．New Zealand is an island that lies off the eastern coast of Australia.
新西兰是澳大利亚东海岸外边的一个岛屿。
lie off 表示“离……的附近”，在这里指“在离……的海上”（in a part of the ocean that is near the land）。例如：
They live on the island off the coast of Guangdong.
他们住在广东沿海的一个岛屿上。
They were sailing two miles off shore.
他们在离岸两英里的海上航行。
2． It is made up of two large islands. （新西兰）由两大岛组成。
be made up of 意思是“由……组成”，表示由多名成员或多种成份组成。例如：
The medical team is made up of ten members.
该医疗队是由10个成员组成的。
This novel is made up of ten chapters.
这本小说由十个章节组成的。
Japan is made up of many islands.
日本是由许多岛屿组成的。
注意：be made up of 的主动语态为make up。
我们常说：A make up B（主动语态）
B be made up of A （被动语态）
提醒：make up的被动式不可写为：be made up by
例如：以上三句可以换成主动语态：
The medical team is made up of ten members.
可改为：Ten members make up the medical team.
This novel is made up of ten chapters.
可改为：Ten chapters make up this novel.
Japan is made up of many islands.
可改为：Many islands make up Japan.
比较：be made of /be made from/be made into/be made out of
be made of 由……制造的（产品中可以看出原材料）
This bridge is made of stone. 这座桥是由石头做的。
The table is made of wood. 这个桌子是由木头做成的。
be made from 由……制造的（产品中看不出原材料）
Paper is made from wood. 纸张是由木料做成的。
This dress is made from her mother’s coat.
这件裙子是用她妈妈的外套做成的。
be made into （某物）可以被制成……
Wood can be made into tables. 木头可以做成桌子。
Glass can be made into bottles. 玻璃可以制成瓶子。
be made out of 相当于be made of，意思是“由……制成”。
主动形式为make…out of意思是“用……制造出”。
We can make some bottles out of waste glass.
我们可以用废玻璃制成一些瓶子。
拓展： make up 还可作“弥补、赔偿、虚构”。例如：
We must make it up to him somehow.
我们得想个办法赔偿他。（弥补，补偿）
You must make up missed lessons.
你必须补上掉了的课程。（弥补）
This story can’t be true. It must be made up by others.
这个故事不可能是真的，它一定是别人虚构的（虚构、捏造）。
相关搭配：
make up one’s mind (to do sth) 下决心去做……
make up a bed 准备（床铺）
Shake hands and make up. 握手言欢。
3．The East China Sea lies to the east of Zhejiang province.
东海位于浙江省的东面。
to the east of 意思是“在……以东/东面”。一般介词“to”表示在另一个地点的外部。
例如：
Dolphin island lies 1,500 km to the east of Japan.
海豚岛位于日本以东1500公里。
Japan lies to the east of China.
日本位于中国的东部。
比较：
lie/be on 表示“位于……（与之接壤）”。
lie/be in 表示“位于……（某个范围内的里面）；在于”。 例如：
Zhangjiang province lie/is in the east of China.
浙江省在中国的东部。（在……界面的东部）
His success lies in hard work.
他的成功在于勤奋。（在于）
Liaoning province lies on the south of Jilin.
辽宁在吉林的南部。（相连）
4．…many of New Zealand’s cities lie on a bay and have a natural, deep harbour.
新西兰的许多城市都建在海港上，拥有天然的深水港。
这里的介词on表示“在……（水）旁，靠近……（水）；沿着（水边）”（at the side of a river or area of water）.例如：
Wuhan is on the Changjiang River.
武汉位于长江之滨。
Her mother comes from a small village on the Red Sea.
她母亲出身在靠近红海的一个小村子里。
5．The North Island is famous for an area of hot springs,some of which throw hot water high into the air.
北岛以温泉蓍称，有些温泉能把热水喷到高空里。
（1）be famous for 意思是“由于/ 因为……而出名”。例如：
This town is famous for tea.
这个城镇由于茶叶而出名。
比较：be famous as意思是“作为(身份)而出名”。例如：
LiuHuan is famous as a singer.
刘欢作为一名歌手很出名。（be famous as作为……身份）
（2）some of which…引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代前而的hot springs，这种用法在英语中很常见，有时前面还可以使用介词短语。例如：
He has a lot of books, most of which are about languages.
他有很多书，其中大部分是关于语言的。
He reached a large house, in front of which sat a little boy.
他来到一座大房子前，房子前面坐着一个小男孩。
注意：如果后面引导的非限制性定语从句，连接词指代的是人，要用whom.例如：
The old man has three daughters, two of whom are teachers.
这个老人有三个女儿，其中有两个是教师。
This is a kind woman, the husband of whom was dead in the war.
这是一位善良的女人，她的丈夫在战争中死了。
此句相当于：…,whose husband was dead in the war.
或者：…,of whom the husband was dead in the war.
6． New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world.
新西兰的酒质地好，畅销全世界。
句中的“of high quality”是表语，用来表示主语的性质或特征。例如：
Sports and games can be of great value to people’s health.
体育运动对人们的健康可能是很有价值的。
（相当于sports and games can be very valuable to people’s health.）
The matter is of first importance.
这件事非常重要。（相当于The matter is very important.）
This medicine is of no use.
这种药毫无用处。（相当于This medicine is useless.）
另外：“be of +n”还可以用来表示“年龄、身高、颜色、尺码、样式、个性”等。如：
They both were of a strong character.
他们两人个性都很强。
They were of the same age. 他们同年。
The two men were of middle height. 那两个男子都是中等身材。
All these cars are of light blue. 所有这些小汽车都是浅蓝色。
This computer is of a new type. 这种计算机是一种新的型号。
The skirts are of different sizes. 裙子有不同的尺码。
