1．owe vt.& vi. 欠（债等）；感激；把……归功于（常与to搭配）
主要搭配：
He owed me 20 dollars.
他欠我20元美元。（own sb. sth.）
We owe our loyalty to our country.
我们应该对祖国忠诚。（own sth. to sb.）
I owed a great deal to our parents.
我很感激我的父母。（owe sth. to sb.）
I owed my success to my friends.
我把我的成功归功于我的朋友。
（2）owing to 意为“因为，由于”，相当于because of.
Owing to your help, I could finish my work on time.
由于你的帮助，我才能够按时完成工作。
2．take off 成功，成名；脱掉（衣服）；（飞机）起飞
Take off your shoes before you enter the room.
进屋之前请脱鞋。（脱掉）
The 5 a.m. train has long been taken off.
清晨5点钟的火车早就被取消了。（取消）
The plane took off at 8 a.m.
飞机在上午八点起飞。（作“飞机起飞”时，为不及物动词）
Before the ship sank, all the passengers were taken off.
在船沉下去之前，船上所有的乘客都被转移了。[带往（某处），移送（某处）]
This is the year when his career began to take off.
这是他在事业上成功/腾飞的一年。（事业成功）
3．degree n. 学位；度数，度；程度
主要用法：
He has got the Doctor’s degree. 他已获得博士学位。（学位）
Water freezes at 0 degrees. 水在零度时结冰。
To what degree can you believe in your friends?
你到底有多相信你的朋友？（to…degree，到……程度）
拓展：
by degrees 逐渐地
to a degree 有些；稍微
to the last degree 极度地
4．辨析：prize /award /reward
prize：通常表示“给予竞赛获胜者或彩票的中奖者的奖品与奖金”，可以分等级，如一等奖、二等奖等。
award：指在学习或工作中达到了获奖所要求的条件而由官方或上级决定授予的奖励或荣誉。也可分为等级。
reward：指对有功绩的事的报答或酬谢，在讽刺中可指“对坏事的报应”。
My sister won first prize for her singing.
我妹妹唱歌获一等奖。
A prize was given to the person who had the winning number.
一个奖品给了那位获得中奖号码的人。
He won the award for the best student of the year.
他获得本年度优秀学生奖。
He was granted a special award of 1000 yuan for his outstanding work.
他因工作成绩卓著而获得特别奖一千元。
He gave the boy a reward of ￡5 for finding his lost watch.
他给拾得他手表的那个男孩赏金5英镑。
5．辨析：go wrong /go bad
go wrong
（1）出故障的，有毛病的（stop working properly）
Something has gone wrong with my watch.
我的手表出故障了。
（2）（结果）变糟糕，变坏（end badly）
The day when we stayed by the sea went wrong.
到海边那天不好玩。
（3）（品格）变坏了（act badly, immorally）
He met some bad friends and they helped him to go wrong.
他跟一些坏朋友混在一起被他们带坏了。
（4）走错，算错，弄错（make a mistake as in following a path or a method）
The sum is wrong, but I can’t see where I went wrong.
总数错了，可是我看不出哪里算错了。
go bad（指食品）变质（become unfit to eat）
These eggs have gone bad. 这些鸡蛋变质了。
6．辨析：run after /run behind /run at
run after：追赶；追求；追逐
run behind：在……后面跑（指跑的地理位置）
run at：袭击（attack suddenly）
A dog is running after a rabbit.
一只狗在追逐一只兔子。
He’s always running after women.
他老是在追女人。
The dog ran at the visitor and bit him.
这只狗扑向游客，把他咬了一口。
Tom ran behind Mike and got the second place.
汤姆跑在迈克后面得了第二名。
7．辨析：on the air /in the air
on the air：在广播中（broadcasting）
( opp. off the air，相当于not broadcasting 广播停止)
We shall be on the air in 5 minutes.我们将5分钟后广播。
－What’s on the air now? 在广播什么？
－Legal Report. 法律报道。
in the air
（1）在空中；（故事、谈论、谣言）流传中
These are some birds in the air.
空中有几只小鸟。
Before the matter was publicly announced, it had long been in the air.
这件事在公诸于世之前早就传得满城风雨。
（2）悬而未决的，未确定的（not fully planned; uncertain）
The plan for building a new laboratory is in the air.
建一座新实验室的计划还未确定。
（3）充满了（某种气氛）
The Spring Festival was in the air for weeks before.
几周前就充满了春节的气氛。
8．辨析interrupt /disturb
interrupt：打断；中断；插嘴（break the flow of sth. continuous）
disturb：打扰；搅动；扰断（change the usual /natural condition）
It’s impolite to interrupt a speaker.
别人在说话时，插嘴是不礼貌的。
These new buildings will interrupt our view of the sea.
这些新楼房将会遮断我们的视野。
Don’t disturb him, he is sleeping.
不要打搅他，他在睡觉。
Those who disturb the peace should be punished.
那些搅乱治安的人须受到惩罚。
9．fault n. & vt. &vi. 过错；缺点；故障；毛病；弄错
主要用法：
Her greatest fault is that she talks too much.
她最大的缺点就是话太多。
Whose fault is it that we are late？
我们迟到了，是谁的过错？（be one’s fault是谁的错/过失）
find fault with 挑剔，找……岔子
He is always finding fault with me. 他总是找我的岔子。
at fault 出了毛病应受责备
Who is at fault in the accident? 在这场事故中谁是过错方？
10．辨析：custom /habit /practice
custom：指一种长期以来被社会接纳并认可的“习惯”，作“风俗，习俗”讲，也可用来指某个人长期以来所形成的习惯。
habit：一般指某个人的习惯。
practice：指长期以来人们和社会已认可并接纳的习惯，作“惯例，常规”讲。
It is a custom for westerners to send each other gifts at Christmas.
西方人有在圣诞节彼此送礼物的习俗。
His custom /habit was to get up early and have a cold bath every morning.
他的习惯是每天早上起个大早并洗个冷水澡。
It’s not the usual practice for shops to stay open after 9 o’clock p.m. in China.
在中国按惯例商店晚上九点钟后是会关门的。
He has the habit of smoking in bed.
他有在床上抽烟的习惯。
11．raise vt. 举起，提高；唤起；饲养
He raised the fallen woman to her feet.
他把跌倒的妇女扶了起来。（扶起）
Raise your hand if you have any questions.
如有问题请举手。（举起）
Mr Smith has to raise a large family.
史密斯先生不得不抚养一大家人。（抚养）
The farmers raise wheat and horses.
农民们种小麦并养马。[种植（植物）/饲养（动物）]
The number of the students has been raised to 5000.
学生的人数已增长到5000人。（raise…to 增长到……）
The number of the students has been raised by 1000.
学生的人数已增长了1000人。（raise…by 增长了……）
It raised the country against the enemy.
它唤起全国人民抗敌。（唤起）
辨析：raise /rise
例如上句中的：The number of the students has been raised to 5000.
可以换为：The numbers of the students has risen to 5000.
The number of the students has been raised by 1000.
可以换为：The number of the students has risen by 1000.
12．give in /give up
give in：屈服，让步（give in to sb. /sth.向某人某事屈服/让步）
give up：放弃（give up sth. /doing sth.）放弃做某事，后接名词或动名词
例如：
Don’t give in to him /to his threat. 不要向他屈服/向他的威胁屈服。
The doctor advised her to give up smoking. 医生劝她戒烟。
13．damage /destroy
damage：损害；损伤；破坏（do harm to /cause loss）
destroy：毁坏；摧毁（put an end to…）
The storm caused great damage to people.
这次风暴对人们造成了很大的损失。
The building was destroyed in the big fire.
这座建筑在大火之中被摧毁了。
His car was damaged. He should have it repaired.
他的车被毁坏了，他应该把它修一下。
14．limit v. & n. 限制；限定，界限，限度
limited adj.有限的
We must limit the number of the students.
我必须限定学生的人数。（limit sth.）
Time is limited. We should hurry up.
时间有限，我们应该赶快。（limited adj.）
There is a limit to one’s life, but there is no limit to serving the people.
人的生命是有限的，但是为人民服务是无限的。（limit to sth. /doing sth.）
The teacher limited us to the discussion of this topic.
老师只让我们对这个主题进行讨论。
15．比较：take part in /join in /join
take part in（in为介词，后只接sth.不可接sb.）
join in（in为介词或副词，后只接sth.，不可接sb.，后也可不接任何成分）
join（后可接sth.，指加入某一个团体、组织，使其成为其中一个成员；也可接sb.，指加入到某人当中去）
All athletes want to take part in the Olympic Games.
所有的运动员都想参加奥运会。（也可用join in）
My father joined the Party in 1952.
我父亲在1952年入党。（join the Party 入党）
Will you join us in singing?
你想与我们一起唱歌吗？（join sb. in sth. 加入到某人当中做某事）
They are having a heated discussion, I want to join in.
他们在进行热烈的讨论，我想加入。（不可用take part in）
I would like you to take an active part in speaking English in class.
我希望你们能够在课堂上积极地说英语。（take an active part in… 积极参加……）
16．effect n. 效果；结果；后果
主要搭配：
have an effect on /upon 对……有影响
have some /much /a good /a great /a bad…effect on… 对……有一些/很大/很好/坏的影响
take effect 生效，奏效
in effect 实际上，事实上；相当于（in fact）
A word from the teacher will have a great effect on my son.
老师的一句话会对我儿子有很大的作用。
The medicine quickly took effect.
药马上奏效了。
Her son is king, but she is, in effect, the real ruler of the country.
她儿子是国王，但她才是实际上的统治者。
He gave effect to his dead father’s wishes.
他完成了他父亲的遗愿。（carry out）
