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Unit 9 Technology

 

一、本单元重难点单词与短语

1.agreement n. 一致;协定(opp. disagreement n. 不一致;分歧)

  disagree vi. 不同意;不一致

主要用法:agreement可以是[C]也可以是[U]。

(1)用作[U] 意为“同意,意见一致,相合”。例如:

We are in agreement with their decision.

我们同意他们的决定。(be in agreement with 同意……)

We are in agreement on /about /upon this matter.

我们对这个事情的意见一致。(be in agreement on /about /upon sth. 与……一致)

(2)用作[C] 意为“(口头或书面)协定,协议”。例如:

We came to /arrived at /made an agreement with them on this matter.

在这个问题上,我们与他们达成了协议。

(come to /arrive at /make an agreement with… 与……达成协议)

相关词组:

a gentleman’s /gentlemen’s agreement 君子协定

break one’s agreement 破坏协议

You have broken our agreement by not doing the work you promised.

由于你没有做你所答应的工作,你已破坏了我们之间的协议。

2.absolutely adv.  绝对地;完全地

  absolute adj.  绝对的,完全的

主要用法:

(1)完全地(completely),例如:

You are absolutely wrong. 你完全错了。(completely)

(2)无条件地,绝对地(without conditions),例如:

You must agree absolutely and not try to change matters later.

你必须完全同意,不可日后又想改变初衷。

(3)(非正式)当然,对极了(certainly),例如:

-Do you think so?  你认为是这样吗?

Absolutely!  当然!(Certainly)

3.depend vi 依靠;依赖

主要用法:

(1)主要与介词on /upon连用,作vi. 时,意为“依靠,依赖于”之意。例如:

All living things depend on the sun for their growth.

万物生长靠太阳。

(2)信任;依赖,指望。例如:

You can depend on this newspaper.

你可以依赖这家报纸。

I depend on you to do it.

我信赖你会做(那件事)。(depend on sb. to do sth.)

You may depend upon it that he will want to come.

你放心好了,他会愿意来的。

(3)取决于,由……决定(通常不用于被动语态或进行时态),例如:

Whether we can go for a picnic depends on the weather.

我们是否能去野餐取决于天气。

注意:“他不是个可靠的人”不可译为:

  He is not a man to be depended.

  应为:He is not a man to be depended on /upon.

  因为“依靠/依赖某人”应为depend on /upon(sb).“可以信赖的人”也可以说a man to depend on /upon. 但在否定句里,常用不定式的被动式。

相关词组:

①depend on /upon it 毫无疑问,没错,的的确确。例如:

 Our work will be finished this week, depend upon it.

 毫无疑问,我们的工作这个星期可以完成。

 Depend upon it, we shall win the war.

 毫无疑问,我们将会赢得这场战争的胜利。

 (depend upon it相当于I’m quite sure that…或There is no doubt that…,此词组可用于句首或句尾)

②It all depends /That (All) depends.意思“视……而定”,相当于(I have certain doubts about that / it.)例如:

 I may go there, but that (all) depends/ it all depends.

 我可能去那里,但要视情况而定。

派生词:

dependent adj. 依赖的

dependence n. 依赖,信任(与介词on连用)

dependency n. 从属;属地

4.throughout prep. 遍及,贯穿

(1)后面可接时间,相当于during every part of (time)或all through…。例如:

It rained throughout the night.

雨下了一整夜。

The animal doesn’t come out throughout the winter.

这个动物整个冬天都不出来。

拓展:

throughout the winter相当于all through the winter

throughout the night 相当于all the night

(2)后面可接地点,相当于:in every part of (place)或all over…,例如:

The disease spread throughout the country.

传染病蔓延全国。(相当于all arcoss/over the country)

拓展:throughout the world相当于all over the world

另外,throughout 可用作adv.作“各处,四处,到处,从头到尾”常用于句尾。例如:

The house is painted throughout. 

房子四处都刷上了漆。(到处)

The prince remained loyal throughout.

王子自始自终忠心不渝。(从头到尾)

5.add vt.

(1)加,做加法,例如:

Add 8 to 2 and you have 10.

八加二等于十。(add…to… 把……加到……)(注意:此句不可写为8 add to 2 makes 10.)

除上表达外,此句还可有以下表达法:

8 added to 2 makes 10.

8 added to 2 is 10.

8 and 2 make 10.

8 and 2 makes 10.(表示“几加上几等于……”,谓语make单复数均可)

(2)补充或进一步说道或写道,例如:

Then he added that he was very glad to visit China.

接着他又补充说他非常高兴能来到中国访问。

“What’s the joke?”He asked.

“You’ll see, ”John said.“You’ll see,”he added, smiling.

-“是什么笑话?”他问道。

-“你会明白的。”约翰斯说。“你会明白的。”他笑着补充说。

(3)add up 把……加起来(add together)。例如:

Every time I add these figures up I get a different answer.

我每次把这些数字加起来都得到不同的答数。

(4)add up to 总计,总数达,例如:

The costs added up to 100 million American dollars.

费用总计达一亿美元。

His whole education added up to no more than one year.

他所受整个教育加起来不到一年。

The evidence all adds up to a case of murder.

所有证据都说明这是一起谋杀案。

(5)add to 增加,增添,加强,使……更为,例如:

Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.

烟火增添了节日之夜的魅力。

  注意:add to与add…to…不同,前者着重增加后的结果及状态,相当于“促进”之意,是一抽象含义,后者指“把……加到……上。”是具体行为。

6.remind vt. 提醒,使……想起,使……记起

主要用法:

(1)remind sb of sth (sb.) 使某人想起某事/某人,例如:

That reminds me of a story I once heard.

这使我回想起我曾经听到过的一个故事。

(2)remind sb 提醒某人。例如:

If I forget, please remind me.

要是我忘了,请提醒我。

(3)remind sb to do sth. 提醒某人做某事。例如:

Please remind me to come back early.

请提醒我早点回来。

(4)remind sb that… 提醒某人……,例如:

That reminds me that I must write to him.

这使我想起得写信给他。

(5)remind sb. of doing sth. 使某人想起/提醒某人曾经做过某事,例如:

He reminded me of my attending the lecture last Friday.

他提醒我上星期五曾去听过那次演讲。

注意:

(1)remind sb of doing sth /remind sb to do sth.

  前者表示“提醒某人已经做过某事”,后者表示“提醒某人应做某事”(此事还未做过)

(2)be reminded of等于be made to remember… 意为“使……记得某事”。例如:

We are often reminded of the importance of the correct way of learning.

我们经常被提醒要注意正确的学习方法。

7.dare vt & v. aux.敢;胆敢

  (1)dare作情态动词,意为“也,竟然,胆敢”。过去时为dared.没有人称和数的变化,不用do /does /did来构成否定和疑问结构,后接动词原形,主要用于疑问句,否定句和条件句。

①用于疑问句。例如:

 How dare you speak to me like that?

 你怎么敢对我这样说话?

②用于否定句。例如:

 No one dared speak of it.

 没有人敢谈及此事。

③用于条件句。例如:

If the enemy dare come, they aren’t away.

如果侵略者敢来,他们就休想逃掉。

  (2)dare作及物动词,其变化与一般动词的变化相同,其过去式、过去分词都是dared.常用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。主要用法有:

  ①意为“敢,竟敢,胆敢”dare后接不定式(to可省略也可保留),在口语中,常省略to,但dare以现在分词形式出现时,后面须接带to的不定式。例如:

  He dares (to) do all he says he will.

  凡是他说他要干的事他都敢干。[dare(to)do用在肯定句中]

  He does not dare (to) go there.

  他不敢到那儿去。(用在否定句中)

  I have never dared (to) disturb him.

  我从来不敢打扰他。(用在否定句中)

  Does he dare (to) come here?

  他敢来这儿吗?(用在疑问句中)

  ②意为“敢于承担,敢于面对/冒险……”后跟直接宾语。例如:

  We’ve determined to wipe out any enemy who dare invasion.

  我们决心消灭任何敢于入侵之敌。

  ③意为“激(将),挑逗,估计……不敢……”常用于激将某人干某事,后接以不定式(短语)作宾补的复合宾语,不定式中的to不能省去。例如:

  I dare you to jump off the high wall.

  我量你也不敢跳过这堵高墙。(dare sb to do sth)

  ④I dare say常视作固定搭配,有时写为I daresay,相当于perhaps,意为“也许,恐怕,我想”表示一种不太肯定或委婉的口吻,常用作插口语,其主语只能是I,且总用一般现在时。例如:

  I dare say, it’ll rain soon. 也许很快就要下雨了。

  They, I dare say, will think otherwise. 恐怕他们会另有看法。

  有时,I dare say仍按字面意思译作“我敢说”,通常接what或that引导的名词从句。例如:

  I dare say what I think.

  我所想的我就敢说出来。

  I dare say that he benefits from the advice of his friends.

  我敢说他从朋友们的意见中得到了益处。

8.case n.

  主要用法:

  (1)可作可数名词。指“情况,情形,事例;病例;病情;患者,案情,案件”。例如:

  The case is different with her.

  她的情况不同。(情况,情形)

  In all these cases complete cures have been made.

  所有这些病症都被完全治好。(病例)

  The worst cases were sent to hospital.

  最严重的病人被送进医院了。(病人,患者)

  The judge has four cases to try today.

  法官今天要审四件案子。(案情)

  (2)还有“箱子,盒子,套子”的含义。例如:

  She put the typewriter back in its case.

  她把打字机放回机壳里。(盒子)

  相关词组:

  (1)in case

  可用来引导从句,相当于if(如果)或lest(免得,以防),但如果主句是一般将来时或祈使句,从句中的谓语动词要用一般现在时代替将来时或“should+动词原形”。例如:

  The meeting will be put off, in case it rains.

  如果下雨,会议就会延期。

  可为:The meeting will be put off, in case it should rain.

  注意:in case也可单独使用,位于句末,前面通常加上“just”,有时也可不加,可译作“以防万一”。例如:

  It may rain; you’d better take an umbrella (just) in case.

  可能会下雨,你最好带把伞,以防万一。

  注意:in case引导的条件句表示的是一种“预防某种情况的出现”。如果条件句指的是一般的假设或条件的话,不用in case,须用连词if。例如:

  I’ll tell him about the matter if I meet with him.

  如果我碰见他的话,我会告诉他这件事的。

  (2)in case of意为“倘,遇到……的时候;以防,防备”,常与其搭配的词有:

  fire, rain, danger, difficulty, failure, absence, war, doubt等等。例如:

  Take an umbrella with you in case of rain.

  带把伞吧,以防下雨。

  (3)in the case of意为“就……而言,至于”

  In the case of the entrance exam, I do not feel satisfactory.

  就入学考试而言,我感到不满意。

  We should make an exception in the case of Mr. Smith.

  至于史密斯先生,我们应该例外处理。

  (4)in this case意为“在这种情况下”,相当于if this happens.

  in that case意为“在那种情况下”,相当于if that happens.例如:

  I may work till midnight, and in this case I will telephone you.

  我可能会工作到午夜,如果这样,我会打电话给你的。(在这种情况下)

  本句可改为一个非限制性定语从句,即:

  I may work till midnight, in which case I will telephone you.

  (5)in no case意为“在任何情况下都不,绝不”,例如:

  In no case will China be the first country to use nuclear weapons.

  在任何情况下,中国绝不首先使用核武器。

  (6)in any case 无论如何,不管怎样

9.according adv. 依据

主要用法:

(1)according to 根据,按照(to是介词)。例如:

According to my watch, it is 4 o’clock.

我的表现在是4点。

Each man will be paid according to his ability.

每人按能力取酬。

(2)according as+从句(as为连词)。例如:

They move into the next class, according as they pass or fail the examination.

他们能否就读下一年级取决于他们是否能通过这次考试。

10.call for

主要用法:

(1)需要,要求(need)。例如:

The work calls for much patience.

这工作需要耐心。

This problem calls for immediate solution.

这个问题需要马上解决。

As soon as they entered the hotel, they called for the waiter.

他们一进宾馆,就召唤侍者(过来)。

(2)接人/物 [to collect (sb /sth)]。例如:

I’ll call for you at 9 o’clock.

我会在九时接你。

11.take over 接任,接管

Who do you think will take over now that the governor has been dismissed?

省长免职了,你看谁会接任 ?

Our firm took over 2 fruit packing companies last year.

我们公司去年接收了两家水果包装公司。

12.break down

(1)破坏;拆散

Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.

人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。

The peace talks are said to have broken down.

据说和谈破裂了(喻)。

(2)(机器)损坏

Our truck broke down outside town.

我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。

The car broke down halfway to the destination.

汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。

(3)失败;破裂

Their opposition broke down.

他们的反对意见打消了。

(4)精神崩溃;失去控制

He broke down and wept.

他不禁失声痛哭。

(5)起化学变化

Food is broken down by chemicals.

化学物质引起食物转化。

二、本单元重难点句子解析

1.I'm on the bus, I should be home in about ten minutes.

  我正在公共汽车上,应该 10 分钟后我可以到家。

  (1)should 在本句中用来表示一种可能性,相当于 will probably 一般用于对事实的一种比较有把握的判断(多用在将来时)。例如:

  — When will I take my photos? 我什么时候取照片?

  — It should be ready at 12 o'clock. 应该 12 点钟会好的。

  The plane should be late for at least half an hour in such bad weather.

  在这样糟的天气里,飞机应该可能会迟到至少半个小时。

  He has worked on the book for seven days, he should have finished it now.

  他弄这本书已有 7 天了,到现在为止应该已经完成了。

  (2)in about ten minutes 意为“在十分钟内”。在英语中表示“在将来的多少时间内”一般用 in 而不用 after, 例如:

I'll finish reading the newspaper in five minutes.

五分钟内我会把报纸读完。

I will reach your home in half an hour.

我将在半小时内到达你们家。

2.Modern cell phones are more than just phones - they are being used as cameras and radios, and to send e - mails or surf the Internet.

  现代手机不仅仅是电话机,它们也当作照相机和收音机使用,还可以发送电子邮件和上网。

  (1)more than 这里意思是“不仅仅是”,例如:

  He is more than a teacher.

  他不仅仅是老师(可能还是位学者)。

  We are more than happy to hear of your escape!

  我们听到你逃了出来,高兴得无以名状。

  She is more than beautiful. 她不仅仅漂亮。(可能还很聪明)

  More than one person knows about it.

  不止一个人知道此事。[more than one +n. (单数) +v. (单数)].

  There is / are more than one man here.

  不止一个人在这儿。

  注意:more than one后接单数名词和动词(但在there be结构中单复数均可)

  (2)are being used as 是“现在进行时被动语态”, use…as… 意为“把…用作”相类似的短语如: consider…as…, think of…as…; look on…as, regard…as, keep…as…, work… as… 等等。

3.If a phone starts ringing in the classroom, teachers and students are disturbed and can't work.

  假如教室里响起电话铃,就会打扰师生因而无法工作。

  (1)start 后面可接动名词,也可接不定式,意思大致相同,它的用法同 begin 相近。但要注意以下三种情况,则用不定式较好:

  ①在主语是物,而不是人时。

  The ice began/started to melt. 冰雪开始融化。

  It began/started to rain. 天开始下雨了。

  ②当 start/begin 用于进行时态时。

  She is beginning/starting to cook the dinner. 她正开始烧饭。

  The teacher is beginning to give his lecture. 老师开始讲课了。

  ③当 begin/start 后面的非谓语动词,指心理状态或精神活动时。

  I began to understand my past mistakes.

  我开始认识到自己过去的错误。

  She started to wonder who had done it.

  她开始感到纳闷,这种事情究竟是谁干的。

  (2)disturb 扰乱,搅动,妨碍,打扰,一般用作打扰别人正常的心理 / 生活,扰乱原来的状况。而 interrupt 一般指“打断,阻断”之意,也可指“插嘴”。例如:

The person who disturbed the peace should be punished.

扰乱治安的人应该受到惩罚。

This is a piece of disturbing news.

这是个令人心烦的消息。

It's bad manners to interrupt a speaker.

打断别人的讲话是不礼貌的。

These new flats will interrupt our view of the sea.

这些新公寓将遮断我们观海的视线。

4.The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing.

  答案似乎是:无论我们在何处或正在干什么,我们都需要与朋友和家人一直保持联系。

  (1)We have a need to stay in touch with friends and family 相当于是 we need to stay in …或者相当于There is a great need for us to stay in…

  “有必要做某事”可用:

   

  need 在这里作名词表示“需要,要求”。

  相关词组:meet/satisfy one's needs 满足某人的需要

        according to one's needs 根据某人的需要

  (2)stay in touch with sb 表示“与某人保持联系”也可用作 keep/be in touch with sb. 与此词组相关的词组还有:

  get in touch with sb 与某人取得联系

  lose/be out of touch with sb 与某人失去联系

5.Instead, the students have decided to come up with a peaceful solution.

  相反,学生们决定想出一个和平解决方法。

  (1)come up with 相当于“think of”此词组不可用在被动语态中。例如:

  He couldn't come up with an answer when I asked him why he was late.

  我问他为什么迟到时,他答不上来。

  (2)solution n. 解决,解答,常与介词 to 连用。

  Can you find a solution to this problem?

  你能找到解决这个问题的方法吗?

  We found a sheet of practice questions provided with solutions.

  我们发现一张附有答案的练习纸。

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