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Unit 15 The necklace

 

一、本单元重难点单词

1.recognize vt. 识别;认出。也可作recognise ( BrE )

( to know again sb./sth. one has met before )

I recognized Mary in the photograph.

我在照片中认出玛丽的。( recognize sb. )

I recognized his voice on the phone.

我在电话里听出了他的声音。( recognize sth. )

注意:

(1)recognize 指“曾经见过面,后来再次相见时又认得出来”。

know 指认识;知道。

(2)recognize 是短暂动词,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。

例如:我认识他已经五年了。

I have known him for five years.

或We got to know each other five years ago.

不可以说:I have recognized him for five years.

recognize作动词,还有“承认”的意思。

The People's Republic of China was recognized by many countries as soon as she was founded.

中华人民共和国一成立就被许多国家承认。

I recognized that I was wrong. 我承认我错了。

常见短语:

(1)be recognized as… 被认为是……

He wasn't recognized as a great writer until after his death.

他直到死后才被看作是位伟大的作家了。

(2)recognize sth./sb. to be 认为,看作

We recognize him to be a great leader.

我们认为他是位伟大的领袖。

2.explain vt. & vi. 解释;说明

(give the meaning of sth; make sth clear by speaking or writing)

I don’t understand this, but Tom will explain.

这点,我不明白,不过汤姆会解释的。(vi

Please explain what this word means to me.

请为我解释这个字的意思。

注意:

向某人解释某事 explain sth to sb =explain to sb sth

不可以说:explain sb sth.

例如:你能向我解释下这个法律吗?

Can you explain the law to me?

=Can you explain to me the law?

Can you explain me the law? (×)

派生词:explanation n.

3.lovely adj. 好看的;可爱的;令人愉快的 (beautiful, attractive, pleasant )

My teacher’s daughter is very lovely.

我老师的女儿非常可爱。

We had a lovely afternoon yesterday.

昨天,我们过了一个愉快的下午。

We had a lovely dinner together on that day.

那天,我们一起享受了一顿可爱的晚餐。

注意:

①lovely 虽然以-ly结尾,但它是形容词,而不是副词,英语中,象这样的词还有:

 lively 活泼的     friendly 友好的

 lonely 孤独的     orderly 整齐的

②英语中有些词以ly结尾,但同时可以作形容词和副词使用。如:

 weekly 每星期一次的(地)

 monthly 每月的(地)

 yearly 每年的(地)

 motherly 慈母般的(地)

 sisterly 姐妹般的(地)

4.attend vt. 出席;参加;上(大学等)

(be present at; go to)

I will attend the meeting tomorrow.

明天我会参加会议。(相当于:I will be present at/go to the meeting tomorrow.)

The conference will be well attended.

会议出席情况良好。

Many children can’t attend school in the mountain area.

在山区很多孩子都上不了学。

常见短语: attend school/church; attend the meeting/lecture 等。

5.besides adv. 此外( what’s more, also )

prep. 除了……还有(as well as)

There were three other persons present at the meeting besides Mr Smith.

除史密斯先生外,还有另外三人出席了会议。(prep.+sb)

What has he done besides reading newspapers?

除了看报,他还干了些什么呢?(prep.+doing sth.)

Besidesthat he explained the rule, he gave us several examples.

他不但解释了这个规则,而且还给了我们举了好几个例子。

( prep.+that-clause )

I know nothing besides what I have told you.

除了已经对你讲过的情况外,我别无所知。 ( prep.Noun-clause )

I’m too tired to finish the work; besides, it is late.

我很累,做不完了;再说,天也晚了。( adv.相当于what’s more )

He gave me a book, a pen and some money besides.

他给我一本书,一支笔,此外还给我一些钱。( adv. )

辨析:besides/except

besides prep. 除……外,还有

    adv. 此外(常作独立成分,相当于what’s more, also,表递进关系。)

except prep.(也作excepting)除……之外

( not including; leaving out )

He answered all the questions except the last one.

除了最后一题,他回答了所有的问题。

( except +n. )

I like her except when she’s angry.

我喜欢她,但她动怒生气时除外。 ( except +clause )

I can take my holiday at any time except in August.

除了八月外,我什么时候都可以休假。( except +prep. ph )

6.worth adj. 有某种价值(having the stated value)

(1)接钱数,构成 be worth + money 结构,意为“相当于……的价值”。

That is no real diamond. It's made of glass. It is not worth much.

那不是真正的钻石,是玻璃制的,不值什么钱。

It was worth five hundred francs at most.

它最多值 500 法郎。

(2)worth 后常接名词(代词)或动词的 -ing 形式,组成(be) worth+sth./doing…结构。

(deserving of 值得……)

The museum is (not) worth visiting/a visit.

那个博物馆(不)值得一看。

His suggestion is well worth considering/consideration.

他的建议很值得考虑。(注意“很值得”要用well修饰worth,而不用very, much等。)

Don't lock the door; it isn't worth it.

别锁门了,不值得锁。(worth it: useful 值得一做)

二、本单元重难点短语

1.call on 访问,探访(to visit sb);

号召,请求( to ask sb to do sth. )

We can call on Mary tomorrow.

明天我们能探访玛丽。(call on sb =visit sb. )

He called upon me to make a speech. 他请我演说。( call on sb to do sth. )

He called on the people of this country to work hard for national unity.

他请求/号召全体国民为国家的统一而奋斗。

( call on sb to do sth. )

辨析:call on / call for / call at / call up

(1)call on 探访(sb),号召,请求

拜访某人visit sb =call on sb=make / pay a visit to sb

顺便拜访某人drop in on ( sb )

(2)call for

①要求( demand/need )

②接(人/物)( collect sb/sth )

(3)call at 拜访,探访(某地)

   call at place/ drop in at place 探访某地

(4)call (sb ) up 相当于 ring (sb) up 打电话给某人

   ( make a telephone call to sb. )

请翻译:

(1)我将会在教师节去看望我老师。

(2)我会在九点钟接你。

(3)他明天会到你家去拜访的。

(4)今晚我会打电话给你。

(5)校长号召我们学好电脑和英语。

[答案]

2.bring back 拿回来,归还( return );使恢复(健康,存在等)

All library books must be brought back before June 20.

所有图书馆的书要在6月20号前归还。( bring back sth.)

If you go to the meeting, would you mind bringing me back?

要是你去开会,能否请你把我送回来? ( bring back sb. )

When you go to the post office, will you please bring me back some stamps?

到邮局去的时候,请给我带几张邮票回来,行吗?

(bring me back some stamps=bring some stamps back for me,即bring sb back sth=bring sth back for sb.)

His letter brought back to them the days when they were in America.

他的来信使他们回忆起在美国的日子。(使……回忆起)

His wife did what she could to bring him back to health.

他的妻子尽一切所能使他恢复健康。(使……恢复健康)

bring 有关的重要词组:

bring about 带来;造成

bring down 使……下降,倒下;击落

bring up 教育,教养(儿童);提出(议题,计划);打断

bring in 引进;赚钱,获利;收(庄稼等)

bring...to an end 结束

bring...to life 使……苏醒

bring...to light 发现;将……公之于世

bring...to mind 想起

bring...to pass 使……发生;促成

3.pay off 还清(债务等);付清

Have you paid off the money you borrowed from him?

你还清了你向他借的钱了吗?

Well, after all these years we’ve at last paid off all our debts.

不过,这些年来我们终于还清了所有的债务。

比较:

(1)pay for 支付,缴纳(……的费用)

How much did you pay for that book?

你买那本书花了多少钱?

(2)pay back 偿还(return)

You must pay back the money you borrowed by Friday.

星期五之前,你必须还清你借的钱。

4.take up

(1)填满,占据(某空间或时间)(fill or occupy the specified space or time )

This table takes up too much room.

这张桌子太占地方了。

Her time is fully taken up with writing.

她的时间都用于写作了。

(2)开始从事某事(尤指职业)(start or begin sth. esp a job)

She has taken up a job as a teacher 她当上老师了。

She takes up her duties next week. 她下周开始履行职责。

三、本单元重难点句子

1.It got dark before they could get home. 他们还没回家天就黑了。

S+v(过去式)before sb could … 表示“某人还没有来得及做…(另外一件事就已经发

生了)”,通常用来叙述过去所发生的事情。

例如:

Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.

她还没有来得及动弹,就听见有很响的声音,接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。

Before they could reach the house, a new great wave came, sweeping down the trees, and sweeping them down too.

他们还没到屋子,又一个巨浪打来,冲倒了树,也冲倒了他们。

However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her.

然而,她还没来得及思考,水已经到了她跟前。

He ran out before I could say a word.

我还没来得及说话,他就跑出去了。

2.Years of hard work, very little food, only a small cold room to live in and never, never a moment’s rest.

  十年的辛苦劳累,经常食不果腹,住在一间狭小、冰冷的房子里,而且永远永远也没有一片刻的休息。

  这是个单成分句,由四个名词词组组成。这种句子是一个相对完整的语言单位,不需要增补其他的成分。这句话可理解为: We had ten years of hard work but we had little food to eat. We had only a small room to live in and we never had a moment's rest.

  需要注意的是句中a small cold room to live in. 住在一个狭小、冰冷的房间

  这里to live in 用来作后置定语,修饰room. 英语中,我们常可以用动词不定式短语作后置定语来修饰前面的名词或代词。动词不定式作定语有两种情况。

  (1)与所修饰的词有动宾关系(注意若动词不定式是不及物动词,必须加上适当的介词)。 

  I have a lot of work to do today. 我今天有许多工作要做。

  He is a nice man to work with. 他是一个能与之一起好好工作的人。

翻译:

①我想要一张椅子坐坐。

②我有很多事情要做。

③我想要只钢笔写字。

④我有一个妹妹要照顾。

⑤你们有一个要注意的问题。

⑥我还有一个城市要参观。

[答案]

  (2)与所修饰的词有主谓关系,即被修饰的词是动词不定式的逻辑主语。  

  He is always the last one to leave the office.

  他总是最后一个离开办公室。

3. But just this once. After all, this ball is very important.

  但仅这一次,毕竟这舞会非常重要。

  (1)just this once 是一个单成分句(one-member sentence),其本身是一个相对完整的语言单位,不需要增补其它的句子成分,意思是承接上文而来——虽然要花一大笔钱,但是要花就花这一次吧。在第一场里也有类似的单成分句: Years of hard work, very little food, only

  a small cold room to live in and never a moment's rest.

  这个单成分句是由四个名词词组构成的。

  (2) after all 毕竟,终究,到底。一般来说,它有两种意思:

  ①意为“要知道……;别忘了……”(It must be remember that …),表示说话人对别人的态度,用来说服或提醒对方,引出听话人似乎忘记了的某个重要的论点或理由。表示此含义时,一般把after all 放在句首。例如:

  I think we should let her go on holiday alone. After all,She is fifteen and no longer a child now.

  我想我们应当让她独自去度假。(要知道)她毕竟已经15岁了,不再是孩子了。

  Why is he not allowed to stay here? After all, it’s his home.

  为什么不让他呆在这儿呢?(要知道)这毕竟是他的家。

  It’s not surprising you’re tired. After all, you were up until eleven last night!

  难怪你感到疲倦。别忘了,你昨天晚上11点才睡觉呢。

  ②意为“虽然有前面说过的话”或“和预期的情况相反”,表示说话人的转折,有“虽然…,但毕竟……( in spite of everything )”的含义。在表示此义时,after all一般放在句末。例如:

  Mathilde thought it was a diamond necklace, but it wasn’t a real one after all.

  玛蒂尔德原以为那是一条钻石项链,但那终归不是真的项链。

  Although they met with difficulties, I heard that they’ve succeeded after all.

  他们虽然碰到了困难,但我听说他们终究还是成功了。

  So you see I was right after all

  你看,到头来还是我对。

翻译:

①我知道他尚未完成工作,不过,别忘了,他是个忙人。

②别灰心,这工作对我们说来毕竟是新的。

[答案]

辨析:at all / after all

at all (常用于否定句和条件从句以加强语气)根本

Do it well if you do it at all. 要做就要做得好。

I don’t agree with you at all. 我完全不同意你的观点。

在别人表示感谢时,常以not at all 作答,表示“不用谢,别客气”。如:

—It’s very kind of you to help me. 谢谢你帮助我。

Not at all. 没什么。

4.Can’t you just wear a flower instead? 难道你就不能戴一朵花吗?

  wear 在这里表示“佩戴”。wear用来指状态,意思是“穿、戴、佩、留、蓄”。[( haveclothes )on the body].可以用来指佩戴(首饰),留(发型),蓄(胡须),穿(服装/颜色)等。例如:

  He wears a new coat today. 他今天穿了一件新外套。[穿(衣服)]

  She wears her hair up. 她留长了头发。 [留(发型)]

  She’s wearing a diamond necklace now.

  她正戴着一串钻石项链。 [佩戴(首饰)]

  She wore an angry expression. 她面带怒容。(面带,面露 have on the face )

  wear指“穿着(衣服);佩戴(首饰)”等意思时,指的是状态。表示穿衣状态的词组除了wear外,还有以下表达法:

  be dressed in clothes / color

  be in clothes / color

例如:

The lady is dressed in black / a black coat today.

这个女士今天穿的是黑衣服。/黑外套。

也可以说:The lady wears black / a black coat today.

The lady is in black / a black coat today.

辨析:put on/dress/wear

   put on “穿上”,指穿衣的动作。(opp. take off 脱下)

dress

  “穿衣服;替(他人)穿衣服”(put clothes on sb ).所接的宾语必须是被穿上衣服的人,而不是衣服。即:dress sb ( in clothes )(指动作),其被动语态为: sb be dressed in clothes(指状态)。

  例如:玛丽今天穿着一条红色的裙子。(wear / be dressed in / be in )

5.She married a man with a lot of money. 她嫁给了一个很有钱的人。

  marry 在这里是“嫁”的意思,另外,marry还可作“娶;与……结婚”的意思,在表示“与……结婚”时与介词to 连用,不可与介词with连用。例如:

  My good friend married an American.

  我的好朋友嫁(娶)了一个美国人。(嫁,娶 vt.)

  Kate got married to Tom last year.

  凯特去年同汤姆结婚了。( get married to 同……结婚)

注意:

  ①此句中to不能用with.

  ②get married to是短暂性动作,不能同一段时间连用。

  例如:They got married to each other for three years.

     他们结婚三年了。(错误)

     They love each other, but still don’t marry.

     他们很相爱,但至今还没结婚。(vi.)

     Is Jack married?

     杰克结婚了吗? (vt.)

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